Seventy-five Years of Breeding Dry Bean of the Western USA

Abstract

A periodic comparison of cultivars is essential to assess selection gains, determine deficiencies, define objectives, and set breeding priorities. Our objective was to assess the progress, or lack thereof, achieved in improving yield, plant type, maturity, and resistance to major bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases of dry bean of the western USA from 1918 to 1998. Twentyfive great northern, pink, pinto, and red cultivars were evaluated for seed yield at three locations in Idaho and for anthracnose,

Performance of Northwest Washington Heirloom Dry Bean Varieties in Organic Production

“…Overall yield of dry beans in this study was 1950 kg· ha −1 , which was comparable to yield in one organic field study in Michigan (1909 kg· ha −1 , non-irrigated), but less than a different organic field study in Michigan (2455 kg· ha −1 , irrigated), as well as conventional field studies in Idaho (3465 kg· ha −1 , irrigated) and North Dakota (2642 kg· ha −1 , non-irrigated) [21][22][23][24]. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that dry beans can be a productive crop in northwest Washington, even without irrigation, and, therefore, could be a suitable legume crop for crop rotation in the region.…”

“…DTH with 1500 GDD on average for the two study years was 22 days longer than in other bean-growing regions [22,23] Northwest Washington heirloom varieties matured three days earlier than standard varieties, and six heirloom varieties had the shortest DTH both years. This difference could be significant as rainfall starting in mid to late September can prevent beans from reaching a sufficiently dry stage for harvest and storage.…”

“…Dry bean yield and days to harvest (DTH) have been investigated in several regions of the U.S. under both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. An irrigated field trial of 25 great northern, pink, pinto and red dry bean varieties from three locations in southern Idaho found a mean yield of 3465 kg· ha −1 , and the mean DTH was 93 [22]. In a comparison of irrigated and non-irrigated production systems in North Dakota, the mean yield of 20 dry bean varieties was 3069 kg· ha −1 with irrigation and 2642 kg· ha −1 without irrigation [23].…”

Efficacy of three greenhouse screening methods for the identification of physiological resistance to white mold in dry bean

“…Similarly, limited term inoculations and rapid evaluations used in the past were unlikely to differentiate those genotypes with the highest levels of WM resistance. Thus, it may not be surprising that most cultivars developed in the (Singh et al 2007c). Adams et al (1973) waited 4 d to measure disease severity, whereas Hunter et al (1981), Cline and Jacobsen (1983), Nelson et al (1991), and Kim et al (2000) used 5 to 7 DPI to rate disease severity and wilted plants.…”

Genetic progress resulting from forty-three years of breeding of the carioca common bean in Brazil

“…Some studies have been conducted to estimate the genetic progress of bean crops in Brazil (Elias et al, 1999;de Matos et al, 2007;Chiorato et al, 2010;de Faria et al, 2014) and other countries (Singh et al, 2007); however, the genetic materials which have been evaluated are only lines and/or cultivars belonging to a particular breeding program. Moreover, most of these studies included data from trials termed "value for cultivation and use", where every 2 to 3 years lines are added or removed and the experimental structures are modified, thus affecting the estimation of efficiency.…”