Severe Acute Lung Injury Related to COVID‐19 Infection: A Review and the Possible Role for Escin

Gallelli, Luca; Zhang, Leiming; Wang, Tian; Fu, Fenghua

doi:10.1002/jcph.1644

Cited by 97 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…A Belgium study CT study of 216 confirmed COVID-19 patients, which involved the scoring of lung damage found that there were no differences between age or time from onset of the disease, but that men had more extensive lung damage (9.2 ± 5 versus 7.0 ± 4.8, p = 0.001) with a trend toward more bilateral lung involvement (89.3% versus 78.8%, p = 0.06) [72]. Even for those who do not go on to develop ARDS or ALI, there can be residual pathology, including alveolar damage and fibrosis that will compromise lung function in the longer term [73,74,75].…”

Section: Longer Term Health Implications For Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men and COVID-19: the aftermath

White

2020

Postgraduate Medicine

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The global pandemic as a result of the SARS-CoV2 virus has seen over 16 m people infected and over 650,000 deaths, with men at double the risk of both developing the severe form of the disease and mortality. There are both biological (sex) and socio-cultural (gender) factors, compounded by socioeconomic factors and ethnicity, that impact on the aftermath of what has occurred over the short time that this novel coronavirus has been circulating the world. The potential lifelong morbidity as a result of the infection and as a consequence of highly invasive critical care treatment needs to be factored into the rehabilitation of survivors. There are also many men whose lives will have been severely affected both physically and emotionally by the pandemic without ever contracting the disease, with the widespread disruption to normal existence and its impact on their social world and the economy. The implications of the closure of many healthcare services over the initial lockdown will also have both a shorter-and longer-term impact on other diseases due to missed early diagnosis and disrupted treatment regimes. Getting effective public health messages out to the population is critical and this current pandemic is demonstrating that there needs to be a more focused view on men's health behavior. Without effective public support for preventative action, the more likely the disease will continue its path unabated. This review explores the wider ramifications of the disease both for those men who have survived the disease and those that have been affected by the wider social effects of the pandemic. The pandemic should be a wake-up call for all involved in the planning and delivery of health and social care for the greater attention to the central role of sex and gender.

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Section: Longer Term Health Implications For Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men and COVID-19: the aftermath

White

2020

Postgraduate Medicine

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“…Due to the high similarity, many approved or pre-clinical anti-SARS drugs are being tested for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. For example, escin ( Gallelli, 2020 ) and sodium aescinate injection (trial filed in China with ID : ChiCTR2000029742) have been registered. As natural products has been historically used for respiratory infection, there is arising voice calling for the repurposing of natural products for COVID-19 ( Wang D. et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Natural Products Inhibiting Human Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Prevention of COVID-19: Natural Products and Herbal Medicine

et al. 2020

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Starting from December 2019, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous economic loss and unprecedented health crisis across the globe. While the development of cure is at full speed, less attention and fewer effort have been spent on the prevention of this rapidly spreading respiratory infectious disease. Although so far, several vaccine candidates have advanced into clinical trials, limited data have been released regarding the vaccine efficacy and safety in human, not mention the long-term effectiveness of those vaccines remain as open question yet. Natural products and herbal medicines have been historically used for acute respiratory infection and generally show acceptable toxicity. The favorable stability for oral formulation and ease of scaling up manufacture make it ideal candidate for prophylactic. Hereby, we summarized the most recent advance in SARS-CoV-2 prevention including vaccine development as well as experimental prophylactics. Mainly, we reviewed the natural products showing inhibitory effect on human coronavirus, and discussed the herbal medicines lately used for COVID-19, especially focused on the herbal products already approved by regulatory agency with identifiable patent number. We demonstrated that to fill in the response gap between appropriate treatment and commercially available vaccine, repurposing natural products and herbal medicines as prophylactic will be a vigorous approach to stop or at least slow down SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In the interest of public health, this will lend health officials better control on the current pandemic.

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“…[23][24][25] For example, excessive inflammation has been associated with severe respiratory effects and detrimental symptoms. 26,27 Awareness of this issue has led to the use of antiinflammatory agents, such as dexamethasone, to significantly reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients. 28 Emerging evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may also induce autoantibodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal antibodies to self-carbohydrates in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients

Butler

Gildersleeve

2020

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 is a deadly virus that is causing the global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our immune system plays a critical role in preventing, clearing, and treating the virus, but aberrant immune responses can contribute to deleterious symptoms and mortality. Many aspects of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are being investigated, but little is known about immune responses to carbohydrates. Since the surface of the virus is heavily glycosylated, pre-existing antibodies to glycans could potentially recognize the virus and influence disease progression. Furthermore, antibody responses to carbohydrates could be induced, affecting disease severity and clinical outcome. In this study, we used a carbohydrate antigen microarray with over 800 individual components to profile serum anti-glycan antibodies in COVID-19 patients and healthy control subjects. In COVID-19 patients, we observed abnormally high IgG and IgM antibodies to numerous self-glycans, including gangliosides, N-linked glycans, LacNAc-containing glycans, blood group H, and sialyl Lewis X. Some of these anti-glycan antibodies are known to play roles in autoimmune diseases and neurological disorders, which may help explain some of the unusual and prolonged symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients. The detection of antibodies to self-glycans has important implications for using convalescent serum to treat patients, developing safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and understanding the risks of infection. In addition, this study provides new insight into the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and illustrates the importance of including host and viral carbohydrate antigens when studying immune responses to viruses.

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Severe Acute Lung Injury Related to COVID‐19 Infection: A Review and the Possible Role for Escin

Cited by 97 publications

References 75 publications

Men and COVID-19: the aftermath

Men and COVID-19: the aftermath

Current Prevention of COVID-19: Natural Products and Herbal Medicine

Abnormal antibodies to self-carbohydrates in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients

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