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Vasudev et al 1 coined the term "percussion hemoglobinuria" in reference to hand trauma-induced mechanical hemolysis in patients participating in traditional African hand drumming. Acute kidney injury (AKI) usually occurs from hemoglobinuria as a combination of tubular obstruction, direct tubular cell toxicity, and vasoconstriction. 2 A young musician presented to our institution with AKI from hemoglobinuria following intense hand drumming in the preceding days. He reported that his colleagues also experienced redcolored urine after performances. The patient recovered after several days of intravenous volume repletion and his serum creatinine level returned to baseline in 1 month.Several authors have reported hemoglobinuria with AKI following intense drumming sessions (Table 1 3 -7 ). The frequency with which this phenomenon occurs raises a number of questions. First, although in most cases this appears to be a mild form of AKI that responds well to basic measures (eg, rehydration), this care may not be available to those at highest risk. Second, even if the AKI episode resolves, repetitive injuries might increase the risk for chronic kidney disease. 8 Preventative strategies such as adequate hydration, avoidance of alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and education regarding the significance of passing "red urine" should be encouraged.It is likely that the condition described here has been underreported and that the prevalence of AKI and chronic kidney disease in the hand drumming population has been underestimated. Longitudinal follow-up of this at-risk population is recommended.
Vasudev et al 1 coined the term "percussion hemoglobinuria" in reference to hand trauma-induced mechanical hemolysis in patients participating in traditional African hand drumming. Acute kidney injury (AKI) usually occurs from hemoglobinuria as a combination of tubular obstruction, direct tubular cell toxicity, and vasoconstriction. 2 A young musician presented to our institution with AKI from hemoglobinuria following intense hand drumming in the preceding days. He reported that his colleagues also experienced redcolored urine after performances. The patient recovered after several days of intravenous volume repletion and his serum creatinine level returned to baseline in 1 month.Several authors have reported hemoglobinuria with AKI following intense drumming sessions (Table 1 3 -7 ). The frequency with which this phenomenon occurs raises a number of questions. First, although in most cases this appears to be a mild form of AKI that responds well to basic measures (eg, rehydration), this care may not be available to those at highest risk. Second, even if the AKI episode resolves, repetitive injuries might increase the risk for chronic kidney disease. 8 Preventative strategies such as adequate hydration, avoidance of alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and education regarding the significance of passing "red urine" should be encouraged.It is likely that the condition described here has been underreported and that the prevalence of AKI and chronic kidney disease in the hand drumming population has been underestimated. Longitudinal follow-up of this at-risk population is recommended.
The relationship between music, medicine and nephrology is ancient; ranging from musicians afflicted with kidney disease, contributors to nephrology who were musicians, and the use of music to treat renal maladies. Musicians have long been afflicted by diseases of the kidney, particularly nephrolithiasis, for which Marin Marais in 1725 composed a unique piece for the viol detailing the harrowing experience of 'cutting for stone.' Beethoven and Mozart were afflicted by kidney disease, as are several current musicians. Where past musicians succumbed to their failing kidneys, the advent of renal replacement therapy has given today's musicians, such as James DePreist and Natalie Cole, the opportunity to continue performing and composing. Several notable physicians of old have excelled as musicians; one example is Jacob Henle (1809-1885), for whom the loop of Henle is named, another is Robert Christison, a contemporary of Richard Bright, who is considered a 'founder of nephrology'. Importantly, music therapy, as used in the times of Hippocrates and King David, has evolved from an empiric to a well-established scientific discipline. Given the recent enlarging body of scholarly studies of music therapy, its rudimentary role in nephrology deserves further exploration.
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