Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2: implications for blood safety and sufficiency

Kiely, Philip; Hoad, Veronica C.; Seed, Clive R.; Gosbell, Iain B

doi:10.1111/vox.13009

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…This is again in general agreement with several prior reports 104–107 . The low rate of SCV2 infectivity in blood and circulating blood cells does not favor the existence of a substantial hematogenous pathway to the brain 108–111 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mapping of SARS-CoV-2 Brain Invasion and Histopathology in COVID-19 Disease

Serrano¹,

Walker²,

Arce³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) causes acute respiratory distress, termed COVID-19 disease, with substantial morbidity and mortality. As SCV2 is related to previously-studied coronaviruses that have been shown to have the capability for brain invasion, it seems likely that SCV2 may be able to do so as well. To date, although there have been many clinical and autopsy-based reports that describe a broad range of SCV2-associated neurological conditions, it is unclear what fraction of these have been due to direct CNS invasion versus indirect effects caused by systemic reactions to critical illness. Still critically lacking is a comprehensive tissue-based survey of the CNS presence and specific neuropathology of SCV2 in humans. We conducted an extensive neuroanatomical survey of RT-PCR-detected SCV2 in 16 brain regions from 20 subjects who died of COVID-19 disease. Targeted areas were those with cranial nerve nuclei, including the olfactory bulb, medullary dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and the pontine trigeminal nerve nuclei, as well as areas possibly exposed to hematogenous entry, including the choroid plexus, leptomeninges, median eminence of the hypothalamus and area postrema of the medulla. Subjects ranged in age from 38 to 97 (mean 77) with 9 females and 11 males. Most subjects had typical age-related neuropathological findings. Two subjects had severe neuropathology, one with a large acute cerebral infarction and one with hemorrhagic encephalitis, that was unequivocally related to their COVID-19 disease while most of the 18 other subjects had non-specific histopathology including focal B-amyloid precursor protein white matter immunoreactivity and sparse perivascular mononuclear cell cuffing. Four subjects (20%) had SCV2 RNA in one or more brain regions including the olfactory bulb, amygdala, entorhinal area, temporal and frontal neocortex, dorsal medulla and leptomeninges. The subject with encephalitis was SCV2-positive in a histopathologically-affected area, the entorhinal cortex, while the subject with the large acute cerebral infarct was SCV2-negative in all brain regions. Like other human coronaviruses, SCV2 can inflict acute neuropathology in susceptible patients. Much remains to be understood, including what viral and host factors influence SCV2 brain invasion and whether it is cleared from the brain subsequent to the acute illness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mapping of SARS-CoV-2 Brain Invasion and Histopathology in COVID-19 Disease

Serrano¹,

Walker²,

Arce³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to other human coronaviruses (including SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV), transfusion transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 has not yet been reported, suggesting that transfusion transmission of coronaviruses is rare if it occurs at all. However, it is acknowledged that SARS‐CoV‐2 has been identified only recently, and thus the possibility of virus transmission by transfusion cannot be excluded 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Practices in Response to COVID-19: A Survey from the Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation

Worel¹,

Shaw²,

Aljurf³

et al. 2021

Transplantation and Cellular Therapy

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“…IgG is detectable 10-21 days post infection and remains detectable longer than IgA and IgM. Even though SARS-CoV-2 is likely not transfusion transmission [60,61], it was common for blood operators to defer donations for 2-4 weeks following resolution of symptoms (after confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19) or were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 through travel or contact [62]. Given this deferral period, the early period of undetectable IgG levels is less likely to be an issue among blood donors, although some early-stage asymptomatic donors may not be detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Current challenges of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence studies among blood donors: A scoping review

Saeed

Uzicanin

Lewin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Blood donors are increasingly being recognized as an informative resource for surveillance. We aimed to review and characterize SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies conducted using blood donors to investigate methodology and provide guidance for future research. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and preprint publications between January 2020 to January 2021. Two reviewers used standardized forms to extract seroprevalence estimates and data on methodology pertaining to population sampling, periodicity, assay characteristics and antibody kinetics. National data on cumulative incidence and social distancing policies were extracted from publicly available sources and summarized. Results: Thirty-three studies representing 1,323,307 blood donations from 20 countries worldwide were included (sample size per study ranged from 22 to 953,926 donations). Seroprevalence rates ranged from 0% to 76% (after adjusting for waning antibodies). Overall, less than 1 in 5 studies reported standardized seroprevalence rates to reflect the demographics of the general population. Stratification by age and sex were most common (64% of studies), followed by region (48%). 52% of studies reported seroprevalence at a single time point. Overall, 27 unique assay combinations were identified, 55% of studies used a single assay and only 39% adjusted seroprevalence rates for imperfect test characteristics. Among the eight nationally representative studies case detection was most underrepresented in Kenya (1:1264). Conclusion: As of December 11, 2020, 79% of studies reported seroprevalence rates <10%; thresholds far from reaching herd immunity. In addition to differences in community transmission and diverse public health policies, study designs and methodology were likely contributing factors to seroprevalence heterogeneity.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2: implications for blood safety and sufficiency

Cited by 21 publications

References 176 publications

Mapping of SARS-CoV-2 Brain Invasion and Histopathology in COVID-19 Disease

Mapping of SARS-CoV-2 Brain Invasion and Histopathology in COVID-19 Disease

Changes in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Practices in Response to COVID-19: A Survey from the Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation

Current challenges of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence studies among blood donors: A scoping review

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