Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Type 2‐Causing Coronavirus: Variants and Preventive Strategies

Aydoğdu, Mehmet Onur; Rohn, Jennifer L.; Jafari, Nazila; Brako, Francis; Homer‐Vanniasinkam, Shervanthi; Edirisinghe, Mohan

doi:10.1002/advs.202104495

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Because binding of the spike protein to the ACE2 receptor of target cells is the first step in coronavirus infection, IgG antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been developed as therapeutic antibody drugs [ 25 ]. However, various strains of coronaviruses with mutations in the spike protein have been reported [ 26 , 27 ]. This implies that IgG antibody drugs with high specificity for ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins may not be effective against new mutant strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of antigens recognized by salivary IgA using microbial protein microarrays

Hamuro

Saito

et al. 2022

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

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Secretory IgA plays an important role in the mucosal immune system for protection against pathogens. However, the antigens recognized by these antibodies have only been partially studied. We comprehensively investigated the antigens bound by salivary IgA in healthy adults using microbial protein microarrays. This confirmed that saliva contained IgA antibodies that bind to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and other human coronavirus species. Also, many subtypes and strains of influenza virus were bound, regardless of the seasonal or vaccine strains. Salivary IgA also bound many serogroups and serovars of Escherichia coli and Salmonella . Taken together, these findings suggest that salivary IgA, which exhibits broad reactivity, is likely an essential element of the mucosal immune system at the forefront of defense against infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of antigens recognized by salivary IgA using microbial protein microarrays

Hamuro

Saito

et al. 2022

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

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“…However, the virus is continuously evolving, and a number of variants have emerged, some of which acquired immune escape capability. 3 Due to the pandemic of SARS-COV-2 variants and the waning of immunity over time, breakthrough infections are growing rapidly 3,4 . The Technical Advisory Group on COVID-19 Vaccine Composition (TAG-CO-VAC) of WHO has recommended updating the composition of current COVID vaccines to develop multivalent or broad-protective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 current and even future variants 5 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and immunogenicity of a hybrid-type vaccine booster in BBIBP-CorV recipients: a randomized controlled phase 2 trial

Kaabi

Yang²,

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with immune escape ability raises the urgent need for developing cross-neutralizing vaccines against the virus. NVSI-06-08 is a potential broad-spectrum recombinant COVID-19 vaccine that integrates the antigens from multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains into a single immunogen. Here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of NVSI-06-08 as a heterologous booster dose in adults previously vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV in a randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase 2 trial conducted in the United Arab Emirates (NCT05069129). Three groups of healthy adults over 18 years of age (600 participants per group) who had administered two doses of BBIBP-CorV 4-6-month, 7-9-month and >9-month earlier, respectively, were vaccinated with either a homologous booster of BBIBP-CorV or a heterologous booster of NVSI-06-08. The primary outcome was immunogenicity and safety of booster vaccinations. The exploratory outcome was cross-reactive immunogenicity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs). The incidence of adverse reactions was low in both booster vaccinations, and the overall safety profile of heterologous boost was quite similar to that of homologous boost. Heterologous NVSI-06-08 booster was immunogenically superior to homologous booster of BBIBP-CorV. Both Neutralizing and IgG antibodies elicited by NVSI-06-08 booster were significantly higher than by the booster of BBIBP-CorV against not only SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain but also multiple VOCs. Especially, the neutralizing activity induced by NVSI-06-08 booster against the immune-evasive Beta variant was no less than that against the prototype strain, and a considerable level of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron (GMT: 367.67; 95%CI, 295.50-457.47) was induced by heterologous booster, which was substantially higher than that boosted by BBIBP-CorV (GMT: 45.03; 95%CI, 36.37-55.74). Our findings showed that NVSI-06-08 was safe and immunogenic as a booster dose following two doses of BBIBP-CorV, which was immunogenically superior to homologous boost with another dose of BBIBP-CorV. Our study also indicated that the design of hybrid antigen may provide an effective strategy for broad-spectrum vaccine developments.

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“…SARS‐CoV‐2 is known to infect humans via the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor; the virus contains a spike protein that binds to the host cell through ACE2, which is located on the cell surface of the host membrane as shown in Figure 1 . The clinical and pathological symptoms of COVID‐19 resemble SARS, which is caused by SARS‐CoV [ 3 ]. Several variants of concern have emerged, including those identified as alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron by the World Health Organization, since November 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel photonic methods for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Joshi

Shukla

Narayan

2022

Transl Biophotonics

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The COVID-19 pandemic that began in March 2020 continues in many countries. The ongoing pandemic makes early diagnosis a crucial part of efforts to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections. As such, the development of a rapid, reliable, and low-cost technique with increased sensitivity for detection of SARS-CoV-2 is an important priority of the scientific community. At present, nucleic acid-based techniques are primarily used as the reference approach for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in several cases, false positive results have been observed with these techniques. Due to the drawbacks associated with existing techniques, the development of new techniques for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is an important research activity. We provide an overview of novel diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis that integrate photonic technology with artificial intelligence. Recent developments in emerging diagnostic techniques based on the principles of advanced molecular spectroscopy and microscopy are considered.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Type 2‐Causing Coronavirus: Variants and Preventive Strategies

Cited by 18 publications

References 143 publications

Identification of antigens recognized by salivary IgA using microbial protein microarrays

Identification of antigens recognized by salivary IgA using microbial protein microarrays

Safety and immunogenicity of a hybrid-type vaccine booster in BBIBP-CorV recipients: a randomized controlled phase 2 trial

Novel photonic methods for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

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