Severe anaplasmosis represents a treatable cause of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Two cases and review of literature

Anaplasmosis-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…Due to the cellular location that Anaplasma occupies within the human host, there have been studies showing clonal expansion of gamma and delta T cells in relation with infection [ 11 ]. In general, HLH mortality is high with a secondary mortality rate of 50%–80%, and there have been documented cases in the past of patients dying from anaplasmosis-induced HLH [ 6 ]. Our patient had elevated EBV viral load and Facklamia isolated in blood cultures.…”

“…This diagnostic test is challenging. Despite a specificity of 100%, sensitivity ranges from 21% to 60% [ 6 , 25 ]. For diagnosis, a combination of serology and PCR would be ideal as PCR sensitivity ranges from 67% to 90% and serology has a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 94% [ 25 , 26 ].…”

“…Anaplasmosis can lead to death from HLH or severe symptoms, with laboratory abnormalities showing thrombocytopenia and signs of liver failure, or both [ 2 , 4 ]. Risk factors that predispose individuals to severe illness are delayed treatment, age, and weakened immune systems [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Comparative Study of the Use of Doxycycline and Oxytetracycline to Treat Anaplasmosis in Fattening Lambs

“…For that reason, it was decided to apply this antibiotic to one of the analyzed groups. The other two groups were treated with doxycycline, the antibiotic of choice in dogs and humans [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and the best option based on our previous personal experience. Doxycycline was administered intramuscularly in one group and orally in the other.…”

Anaplasmosis

“…Situation aggravates leading to death in case of prevailing health issues viz; intravascular coagulation, renal failure, cardiac enlargement, coma and seizures. The disease is more harmful in immune-compromised patients of old age and children (Fishbein et al 1994;Dumler and Bakken 1998;Rocco et al 2020). In ruminants, disease is characterized by rise in body temperature, in appetence, drop in milk and meat production and abortion.…”