Severe Anemia Caused by Babesiosis in a Maned Wolf (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>)

Phair, Kristen; Carpenter, James W.; Smee, Nicole; Myers, Carl B.; Pohlman, Lisa M.

doi:10.1638/2010-0210.1

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…detected in black bears from eastern and western North Carolina were .99% homologous with a Babesia spp. previously identified in a raccoon (Birkenheuer et al 2006) and in a captive maned wolf (Phair et al 2012). These organisms appear to be the same species based on DNA analysis (Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

Detection and Prevalence of Babesia spp. in American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) from Eastern and Western North Carolina, USA

Westmoreland

Stoskopf

Sheppard

et al. 2019

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Blood samples collected from American black bears (Ursus americanus) in eastern and western North Carolina, US, were analyzed for piroplasms. Piroplasmids were detected in 17% (23/132) of the animals surveyed. We detected a Babesia spp. previously identified in North American raccoons (Procyon lotor) and a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus); prevalence was 22% (14/64) and 13% (9/68) in the mountain and coastal black bear populations, respectively. The presence of the same Babesia species in black bears, raccoons, and a maned wolf suggests piroplasms may not be host specific.

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supporting

confidence: 56%

Detection and Prevalence of Babesia spp. in American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) from Eastern and Western North Carolina, USA

Westmoreland

Stoskopf

Sheppard

et al. 2019

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…The most interesting finding, however, was that sequences obtained from seven cats, six from the Western Cape Province and one from Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, constituted a novel Babesia group with 96% identity to Babesia spp. previously described from captive maned wolves ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ) [41, 42], raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) from the USA [43] and Japan [44, 45] and from ticks collected from dogs in Japan [46]. Three genetic variants were identified within this novel Babesia group (designated “Novel Babesia sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same Babesia sp. was incriminated in causing severe clinical babesiosis in two South American maned wolves from the same zoological park in Kansas, USA [41, 42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel Babesia sp. associated with clinical signs of babesiosis in domestic cats in South Africa

et al. 2019

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BackgroundFeline babesiosis, sporadically reported from various countries, is of major clinical significance in South Africa, particularly in certain coastal areas. Babesia felis, B. leo, B. lengau and B. microti have been reported from domestic cats in South Africa. Blood specimens from domestic cats (n = 18) showing clinical signs consistent with feline babesiosis and confirmed to harbour Babesia spp. piroplasms by microscopy of blood smears and/or reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization were further investigated. Twelve of the RLB-positive specimens had reacted with the Babesia genus-specific probe only, which would suggest the presence of a novel or previously undescribed Babesia species. The aim of this study was to characterise these organisms using 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis.ResultsThe parasite 18S rRNA gene was cloned and sequenced from genomic DNA from blood samples. Assembled sequences were used to construct similarity matrices and phylogenetic relationships with known Babesia spp. Fifty-five 18S rRNA gene sequences were obtained. Sequences from 6 cats were most closely related to published B. felis sequences (99–100% sequence identity), while sequences from 5 cats were most closely related to B. leo sequences (99–100% sequence identity). One of these was the first record of B. leo in Mozambique. One sequence had 100% sequence identity with the published B. microti Otsu strain. The most significant finding was that sequences from 7 cats constituted a novel Babesia group with 96% identity to Babesia spp. previously recorded from a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), a raccoon (Procyon lotor) from the USA and feral raccoons from Japan, as well as from ticks collected from dogs in Japan.ConclusionsBabesia leo was unambiguously linked to babesiosis in cats. Our results indicate the presence of a novel potentially pathogenic Babesia sp. in felids in South Africa, which is not closely related to B. felis, B. lengau and B. leo, the species known to be pathogenic to cats in South Africa. Due to the lack of an appropriate type-specimen, we refrain from describing a new species but refer to the novel organism as Babesia sp. cat Western Cape.

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“…A conduta na anemia hipovolêmica parte do princípio da escassa oferta de oxigênio às células, portanto o prognóstico do paciente tende a melhorar quando a fonte de hemorragia é controlada e a anemia é corrigida, desde que lesões irreversíveis não tenham se instalado e a possível hipotensão tenha sido corrigida. Tentativas anteriores de transfusões sanguíneas em Chrysocyon brachyurus [32,33] podem não ter obtido êxito justamente pela ocorrência simultânea de outras comorbidades, como quadros hemolíticos, que pioram o prognóstico.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A medicina intensiva em pequenos animais vem se desenvolvendo amplamente, de forma que médicos veterinários possuem acesso a medidas terapêuticas atualizadas para o tratamento de pacientes gravemente enfermos. Ainda que exista considerável proximidade filogenética entre cães domésticos e lobos-guará, não há relatos de manejo anestésico emergencial em C. brachyurus criticamente enfermos, bem como de transfusões sanguíneas bem-sucedidas [32,33]. Portanto, este relato tem por finalidade descrever uma condição emergencial manejada com êxito nesta espécie.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Anesthetic Management of a Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) for Pelvic Limb Amputation

Justo

Garófalo

Neto

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest south american canid and deemed a near threatened species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Typically found in Brazilian Cerrado, it is often a victim of animal trappings and vehicular accidents, where it may get deeply injured or end up fractured, demanding orthopedic procedures. Even though maned wolves are similar to the domestic dog, little is described regarding general anesthesia and its complications for major procedures in ill patients in the scientific database. This case report describes a successful blood transfusion and anesthetic management of a critically ill C. brachyurus. Case: An adult female maned wolf was rescued after getting steel-jaw trapped. After chemical restraint with intramuscular (IM) ketamine (12 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg), physical examination showed exposed bones to the distal end of the right hind limb, pronounced dehydration and moderate anemia and thrombocytopenia according to blood count. Radiographic images enlightened multiple right tarsus fractures. As the wound was highly infected, which made the osteosynthesis procedure impossible, it was decided to amputate the limb on the following day. Subcutaneous (SC) lactated Ringer's solution (250 mL), IM meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) and IM enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) were also administered at first. On the following day, after aforementioned chemical immobilization, anesthesia was induced with dose-effect intravenous (IV) propofol (2 mg/kg) until orotracheal intubation was possible, and general anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane diluted in oxygen. Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia was obtained with 0.5% bupivacaine (0.25 mL/kg) and morphine (0.1 mg/kg) to provide analgesia and to reduce inhalant agent requirement. During surgery, hypotension was unresponsive to IV fluid challenges (5 mL/kg of third generation hydroxyethyl starch solution [6% tetrastarch] twice and 10 mL/kg of lactated Ringer's solution, both over 15 minutes) and enduring blood loss led to life-threatening hypovolemic anemia. Dopamine (7.5-12.5 µg/kg/min) and norepinephrine (0.1-0.6 µg/kg/min) IV infusions were not able to fully restore blood pressure, thus whole blood transfusion (300 mL) was carried out after blood collection from a healthy maned wolf. Several premature ventricular contractions (PVC) that promptly evolved to sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) were observed and treated with 2% lidocaine (bolus of 2 mg/kg followed by constant rate infusion set at 50 µg/kg/ min). By extubation, electrocardiogram displayed sparse PVC and normotension could be achieved. Discussion: Even though there was no cardiovascular instability by the time epidural anesthesia was carried out, the latter could have contributed to the hypotensive crisis (mean arterial pressure < 40 mmHg) observed during general anesthesia. The decreasing MAP was also probably influenced by intense blood loss and previous dehydration and hypovolemia, as packed cell volume (...

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Severe Anemia Caused by Babesiosis in a Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Detection and Prevalence of Babesia spp. in American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) from Eastern and Western North Carolina, USA

Detection and Prevalence of Babesia spp. in American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) from Eastern and Western North Carolina, USA

A novel Babesia sp. associated with clinical signs of babesiosis in domestic cats in South Africa

Anesthetic Management of a Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) for Pelvic Limb Amputation

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