Background:
Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria occur frequently and can be serious
and life-threatening. Anaerobes are a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia with Streptococcus
pneumonia and respiratory viruses being the most frequently detected pathogens. We, herein,
report a case of Fusobacterium/Peptostreptococcus parapneumonic effusion with empyema in a patient
without risk factors for aspiration pneumonia. This case presents an opportunity to discuss an
unusual case of community-acquired empyema secondary to anaerobic infection in a patient without
the common risk factors for aspiration.
Case Presentation:
A 59-year-old male patient without significant past medical history apart from a
twenty-five-year history of smoking presented due to left flank pain and shortness of breath. Findings
of a complicated parapneumonic effusion were found on imaging, resulting in surgical decortication
and prolonged antibiotic therapy.
Discussion:
Parapneumonic effusions and empyema are relatively common complications of pneumonia.
It is important to note that the incidence of anaerobic empyema has been on the rise due to
more modern culturing techniques.
Conclusion:
This case highlights an unusual presentation of community-acquired empyema secondary
to anaerobes without any risk factors for aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, clinicians should consider
the possibility of anaerobic coverage in the treatment of community-acquired empyema in the
appropriate setting.