Severe Convective Storms—An Overview

Doswell, Charles A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-935704-06-5_1

Cited by 102 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…We therefore conclude that several lightning parameters, such as flash density, mean peak current and possibly flash length (related to UT wind velocity), achieve especially high values in Florida thunderstorms, which may be responsible for the high anvil-NO mixing ratios and LNOx production rates per stroke observed. Other authors also mentioned that the most severe thunderstorms on earth occur in the central-eastern United States owing to the unique combination of steep lapse rates, moist boundary layer inflow and substantial wind shear (Doswell, 2001;Del Genio et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NO<sub>x</sub> production

et al. 2008

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Abstract. During the TROCCINOX field experiment in January and February 2005, the contribution of lightninginduced nitrogen oxides (LNOx) from tropical and subtropical thunderstorms in Southern Brazil was investigated. Airborne trace gas measurements (NO, NO y , CO and O 3 ) were performed up to 12.5 km with the German research aircraft Falcon. During anvil penetrations in selected tropical and subtropical thunderstorms of 4 and 18 February, NO x mixing ratios were on average enhanced by 0.7-1.2 and 0.2-0.8 nmol mol −1 totally, respectively. The relative contributions of boundary layer NO x (BL-NOx) and LNOx to anvil-NO x were derived from the NO x -CO correlations. On average ∼80-90% of the anvil-NO x was attributed to LNOx. A Lightning Location Network (LINET) was set up to monitor the local distribution of cloud-to-ground (CG) and intracloud (IC) radiation sources (here called "strokes") and compared with lightning data from the operational Brazilian network RINDAT (Rede Integrada Nacional de Detecção de Descargas Atmosféricas). The horizontal LNOx mass flux out of the anvil was determined from the mean LNOx mixCorrespondence to: H. Huntrieser (heidi.huntrieser@dlr.de) ing ratio, the horizontal outflow velocity and the size of the vertical cross-section of the anvil, and related to the number of strokes contributing to LNOx. The values of these parameters were derived from the airborne measurements, from lightning and radar observations, and from a trajectory analysis. The amount of LNOx produced per LINET stroke depending on measured peak current was determined. The results were scaled up with the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) flash rate (44 flashes s −1 ) to obtain an estimate of the global LNOx production rate. The final results gave ∼1 and ∼2-3 kg(N) per LIS flash based on measurements in three tropical and one subtropical Brazilian thunderstorms, respectively, suggesting that tropical flashes may be less productive than subtropical ones. The equivalent mean annual global LNOx nitrogen mass production rate was estimated to be 1.6 and 3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NO<sub>x</sub> production

et al. 2008

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“…There were 48 hailstorms with an actual hailstone size recorded for the CBD. The same recording practice In terms of the lifecycle of a thunderstorm, it is well known that the motion of storms that reach the severe stage tends to deviate at an angle of up to 40°from the mean steering wind (Lemon and Doswell, 1979;Doswell, 2001). If the vertical wind profile backs with height, then the deviation will be to the left of the mean steering level winds in the Southern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Affected Locations In the Sydney Areamentioning

confidence: 96%

A hail climatology of the greater Sydney area and New South Wales, Australia

2005

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“…Rainbands develop in response to linear forcing such as fronts, dry lines, troughs, and convergence zone (e.g., Carbone, 1982;Browning, 1990;Doswell III, 2001;Johnson and Mapes, 2001) or by self-organization in a sheared environment (e.g., Bluestein and Jain, 1985;Rotunno et al, 1988;Houze Jr. et al, 1990), and are a common type of precipitation systems around the world (e.g., Houze Jr., 1977;Chen and Chou, 1993;Garstang et al, 1994;LeMone et al, 1998;Meng et al, 2013). These linear-shaped mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are most well studied in mid-latitudes and classified by Johnson (2000, 2004) into three archetypes based on the location of stratiform region relative to the main line: trailing stratiform (TS), leading stratiform (LS), and parallel stratiform (PS), in response primarily to the different structure of environmental vertical wind shear.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study of convection in rainbands of Typhoon Morakot (2009) with extreme rainfall: roles of pressure perturbations with low-level wind maxima

et al. 2015

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Abstract. This paper investigates the formation and evolution of deep convection inside the east-west oriented rainbands associated with a low-level jet (LLJ) in Typhoon Morakot (2009). With the typhoon center to the northwest of Taiwan, the westerly LLJ occurred as a result from the interaction of typhoon circulation with the southwest monsoon flow, which supplied the water vapor for the extreme rainfall (of ∼ 1000 mm) over southwestern Taiwan. The CloudResolving Storm Simulator with 1 km grid spacing was used to simulate the event, and it successfully reproduced the slow-moving rainbands, the embedded cells, and the dynamics of merger and back-building (BB) on 8 August as observed. Our model results suggest that the intense convection interacted strongly with the westerly LLJ that provided reversed vertical wind shear below and above the jet core. Inside mature cells, significant dynamical pressure perturbations (p d ) are induced with positive (negative) p d at the western (eastern) flank of the updraft near the surface and a reversed pattern aloft (> 2 km). This configuration produced an upward-directed pressure gradient force (PGF) to the rear side and favors new development to the west, which further leads to cell merging as the mature cells slowdown in eastward propagation. The strong updrafts also acted to elevate the jet and enhance the local vertical wind shear at the rear flank. Additional analysis reveals that the upward PGF there is resulted mainly by the shearing effect but also by the extension of upward acceleration at low levels. In the horizontal, the upstream-directed PGF induced by the rear-side positive p d near the surface is much smaller, but can provide additional convergence for BB development upstream. Finally, the cold-pool mechanism for BB appears to be not important in the Morakot case, as the conditions for strong evaporation in downdrafts do not exist.

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Severe Convective Storms—An Overview

Cited by 102 publications

References 148 publications

Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NO<sub>x</sub> production

Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NO<sub>x</sub> production

A hail climatology of the greater Sydney area and New South Wales, Australia

A numerical study of convection in rainbands of Typhoon Morakot (2009) with extreme rainfall: roles of pressure perturbations with low-level wind maxima

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Severe Convective Storms—An Overview

Cited by 102 publications

References 148 publications

Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; production

Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; production

A hail climatology of the greater Sydney area and New South Wales, Australia

A numerical study of convection in rainbands of Typhoon Morakot (2009) with extreme rainfall: roles of pressure perturbations with low-level wind maxima

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Resources

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Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NO<sub>x</sub> production

Lightning activity in Brazilian thunderstorms during TROCCINOX: implications for NO<sub>x</sub> production