Severe COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Children and Adolescents

Blatz, Allison M.; Randolph, Adrienne G.

doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2022.01.005

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, when the immune response is dysregulated, the exacerbated release of proinflammatory cytokines occurs, which has been associated with high mortality in patients with COVID-19 (96). This type of patients show microglia hyperactivation through multisystem inflammatory syndrome (97,98) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (99).…”

Section: Neurological Affectation Upregulated Cytokines Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between chronic immune response and neurodegenerative damage in long COVID-19

et al. 2022

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In the past two years, the world has faced the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which by August of 2022 has infected around 619 million people and caused the death of 6.55 million individuals globally. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the respiratory tract level, there are several reports, indicating that other organs such as the heart, kidney, pancreas, and brain can also be damaged. A characteristic observed in blood serum samples of patients suffering COVID-19 disease in moderate and severe stages, is a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-α (IFN-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), as well as the presence of autoantibodies against interferon-α (IFN-α), interferon-λ (IFN-λ), C-C motif chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26), CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like) member A4 (FAM19A4), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1). Interestingly, it has been described that the chronic cytokinemia is related to alterations of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and induction of neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the generation of autoantibodies affects processes such as neurogenesis, neuronal repair, chemotaxis and the optimal microglia function. These observations support the notion that COVID-19 patients who survived the disease present neurological sequelae and neuropsychiatric disorders. The goal of this review is to explore the relationship between inflammatory and humoral immune markers and the major neurological damage manifested in post-COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Neurological Affectation Upregulated Cytokines Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between chronic immune response and neurodegenerative damage in long COVID-19

et al. 2022

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“…These hints point out a postinfectious complication, which involves antibody production by activated B lymphocytes rather than a direct viral infection in MIS-C pathogenesis. Current evidence suggests that MIS-C typically develops 3-6 weeks after viral exposure [37].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After a 9-month follow-up duration, the hyperinflammatory state was shown to be resolved in the majority of MIS-C patients [114]. Coronary abnormalities were also improved in most of the cases within 3 months [37]. Almost a complete recovery was reported 6 months after the discharge among MIS-C patients [115 & ].…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

A cursed goodbye kiss from severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 to its pediatric hosts: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Haşlak

Günalp

Kasapçopur

2022

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

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Purpose of reviewWe aimed to summarize a novel disease called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which develops several weeks after a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) illness. Recent findingsGiven the rarity of the disease, the question of why a minority of children develop MIS-C is not known. Certain intrinsic susceptibility factors in the host have been described. In addition to hyperinflammation induced by the innate and acquired immune cells, evidence of molecular mimicry was presented for the disease pathogenesis. As there is an increasing number of infected individuals and mass vaccination schedules, concerns regarding the usefulness of the existing diagnostic criteria sets raised.

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“…Like KD, patients with MIS-C have different features of cardiac dysfunction, such as valvulitis, coronary artery dilatation, myocardial dysfunction, and myocarditis [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In severe cases of MIS-C, patients require cardiac or respiratory support [ 34 , 35 ]. Therefore, cardiac biomarkers and echocardiography should be monitored during the hospital stay.…”

Section: Mis-c Case Definition and Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals for Complementary Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Perspective from Their Use in COVID-19

Estrada-Luna

Carreón‐Torres

González-Reyes

et al. 2022

Life

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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been widely reported in some children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Clinical signs of MIS-C are manifested at 2 to 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, where elevated biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac dysfunction are the hallmark of this syndrome when infection or exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed. However, after two years of acknowledgment, MIS-C treatment is still under research to reach safety and effectiveness in the acute phase in children. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the potential use of natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce collateral damage caused by hyperinflammation in MIS-C pathology for new research in treatment and interventions.

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Severe COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

The relationship between chronic immune response and neurodegenerative damage in long COVID-19

The relationship between chronic immune response and neurodegenerative damage in long COVID-19

A cursed goodbye kiss from severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 to its pediatric hosts: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Nutraceuticals for Complementary Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Perspective from Their Use in COVID-19

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