Severe Ice Cover on Great Lakes During Winter 2008–2009

Wang, Jia; Bai, Xeuzhi; Leshkevich, George; Colton, Marie C.; Clites, Anne H.; Lofgren, Brent M.

doi:10.1029/2010eo050001

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…One possible reason may be because of the modeled over White Shoal Lighthouse might influenced by the ice cover. Additionally, the atmospheric stability correction calculated based on the temperature gradient and wind speed, hence, Q H over the ice surface may introduce a non-linear relation between heat flux and air temperature [23,24]. We also find that surface temperature from MODIS-derived GLST usually overestimate when ice is present in the pixel.…”

Section: The Great Lakes Turbulent Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Estimation of the North American Great Lakes Turbulent Fluxes Using Satellite Remote Sensing and MERRA Reanalysis Data

Moukomla

Blanken

2017

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:This study provides the first technique to investigate the turbulent fluxes over the Great Lakes from July 2001 to December 2014 using a combination of data from satellite remote sensing, reanalysis data sets, and direct measurements. Turbulent fluxes including latent heat flux (Q E ) and sensible heat flux (Q H ) were estimated using the bulk aerodynamic approach, then compared with the direct eddy covariance measurements from the rooftop of three lighthouses-Stannard Rock Lighthouse (SR) in Lake Superior, White Shoal Lighthouse (WS) in Lake Michigan, and Spectacle Reef Lighthouse (SP) in Lake Huron. The relationship between modeled and measured Q E and Q H were in a good statistical agreement, for Q E , R 2 varied from 0.41 (WS), 0.74 (SR), and 0.87 (SP) with RMSE of 5.68, 6.93, and 4.67 W·m −2 , respectively, while Q H , R 2 ranged from 0.002 (WS), 0.8030 (SP) and 0.94 (SR) with RMSE of 6.97, 4.39 and 4.90 W·m −2 respectively. Both monthly mean Q E and Q H were highest in January for all lakes except Lake Ontario, which was highest in early December. The turbulent fluxes then sharply drop in March and are negligible during June and July. The evaporation processes continue again in August.

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Section: The Great Lakes Turbulent Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Estimation of the North American Great Lakes Turbulent Fluxes Using Satellite Remote Sensing and MERRA Reanalysis Data

Moukomla

Blanken

2017

Remote Sensing

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“…Both parameters terminate at about the same value they exhibited initially. Wang et al (2010) conclude "natural variability dominates Great Lakes ice cover" and the short-term trends present are "only useful for the period(s) studied." There is therefore no reason to attribute any change in the annual average ice area of the North American Great Lakes to anthropogenic global warming.…”

Section: Lake Icementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Floating ice pack responsive to climatic fluctuations forms on large, intracontinental lakes as well as on the ocean, and Wang et al (2010) provide an analysis of 70 years of such floating ice for the Great Lakes of North America. Their study covers the winters of 1972-73 to and comprises an analysis of time series of annual average ice area and basin winter average surface air temperature (SAT) and floating ice cover (FIC) for the Great Lakes, which they remind us "contain about 95% of the fresh surface water supply for the United States and 20% of the world.…”

Section: Lake Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Observations: Cryosphere

2014

Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis

143

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“…The observed trend indicates a general decrease in lake ice coverage and thickness over the past few decades (Assel et al 2003;Assel 2005), though there are occasionally anomalous years with larger ice extent associated with variability in the atmospheric circulation related to changes in the phase of the Arctic Oscillation and the El Niñ o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO; Wang et al 2010). In addition to decreases in lake ice coverage, several recent studies suggest an increase in the frequency and intensity of LES events as lake temperatures warm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Lake-Effect Snowfall to Lake Ice Cover and Temperature in the Great Lakes Region

Wright

Posselt

Steiner

2013

Monthly Weather Review

110

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High-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) simulations are used to explore the sensitivity of Great Lakes lake-effect snowfall (LES) to changes in lake ice cover and surface temperature. A control simulation with observed ice cover is compared with three sensitivity tests: complete ice cover, no lake ice, and warmer lake surface temperatures. The spatial pattern of unfrozen lake surfaces determines the placement of LES, and complete ice cover eliminates it. Removal of ice cover and an increase in lake temperatures result in an expansion of the LES area both along and downwind of the lake shore, as well as an increase in snowfall amount. While lake temperatures and phase determine the amount and spatial coverage of LES, the finescale distribution of LES is strongly affected by the interaction between lake surface fluxes, the large-scale flow, and the local lake shore geography and inland topography. As a consequence, the sensitivity of LES to topography and shore geometry differs for lakes with short versus long overwater fetch. These simulations indicate that coarseresolution models may be able to realistically reproduce the gross features of LES in future climates, but will miss the important local-scale interactions that determine the location and intensity of LES.

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Severe Ice Cover on Great Lakes During Winter 2008–2009

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

The Estimation of the North American Great Lakes Turbulent Fluxes Using Satellite Remote Sensing and MERRA Reanalysis Data

The Estimation of the North American Great Lakes Turbulent Fluxes Using Satellite Remote Sensing and MERRA Reanalysis Data

Observations: Cryosphere

Sensitivity of Lake-Effect Snowfall to Lake Ice Cover and Temperature in the Great Lakes Region

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