Severe Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Pneumonia

Alenazi, Thamer H.; Arabi, Yaseen M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11488-6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Viral particles have also been observed in pneumocytes, pulmonary macrophages, macrophages that infiltrate skeletal muscles, and renal proximal tubular epithelial cells [ 89 ]. Due to cultural reasons in the Arabian Peninsula, human autopsies were rarely performed on MERS patients, thereby limiting the available human data to a few studies [ 90 ]. Human autopsies have reported exudative DAD, similar to SARS, accompanied by the formation of hyaline membranes, pulmonary oedema, type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia, interstitial pneumonia of a predominantly lymphocytic nature, and multinucleate syncytial cells [ 88 , 89 ].…”

Section: Lung Pathology Of Highly Pathogenic Hcov Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Coronaviruses: Counteracting the Damage by Storm

Schoeman

Fielding

2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the past 18 years, three highly pathogenic human (h) coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused severe outbreaks, the most recent causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, being the first to cause a pandemic. Although much progress has been made since the COVID-19 pandemic started, much about SARS-CoV-2 and its disease, COVID-19, is still poorly understood. The highly pathogenic hCoVs differ in some respects, but also share some similarities in clinical presentation, the risk factors associated with severe disease, and the characteristic immunopathology associated with the progression to severe disease. This review aims to highlight these overlapping aspects of the highly pathogenic hCoVs—SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2—briefly discussing the importance of an appropriately regulated immune response; how the immune response to these highly pathogenic hCoVs might be dysregulated through interferon (IFN) inhibition, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA); and how these could link to the ensuing cytokine storm. The treatment approaches to highly pathogenic hCoV infections are discussed and it is suggested that a greater focus be placed on T-cell vaccines that elicit a cell-mediated immune response, using rapamycin as a potential agent to improve vaccine responses in the elderly and obese, and the potential of stapled peptides as antiviral agents.

show abstract

Section: Lung Pathology Of Highly Pathogenic Hcov Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Coronaviruses: Counteracting the Damage by Storm

Schoeman

Fielding

2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…11 When needed, hospitalized patients with severe MERS pneumonia also receive mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support and renal replacement and oxygen rescue therapy such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 52 In addition, interferon-α2b and ribavirin may decrease the viral load. These two drugs prohibited the multiplication of MERS-CoV in Vero and LLC-MK2 cells.…”

Section: Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome – What Every Otolaryngologist Should Know: A Review</p>

Alnemare¹

2020

IJGM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we illustrate the history of Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) infection from the first reported case to the disease's outbreak and subsequent worldwide decline, with the aim of briefly defining the problem for the benefit of otolaryngologists. MERS-CoV belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes a zoonotic disease, MERS, with strong camel to human and weak human to human transmission. The first documented case of MERS was reported in Saudi Arabia in June 2012. Viral replication produces inflammatory markers targeting T lymphocytes, with apoptosis being the end result. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of this virus is not yet fully understood. The main symptomatic appearance is of mild lower respiratory tract infection with dyspnea and persistent cough in addition to systemic manifestations. The diagnosis is mainly based on the use of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of viral ribonucleic acid in the sputum or tracheal fluids. Otolaryngologic treatment mainly involves supportive adjuvant usage of interferon or antiviral drugs; however, approximately one-third of patients may not survive, and, therefore, otolaryngologists should be familiar with and remain mindful of the disease.

show abstract