Severe Myositis Associated with <scp><i>S</i></scp><i>arcocystis</i> spp. Infection in 2 Dogs

Sykes, Jane E.; Dubey, J. P.; Lindsay, LeAnn L.; Prato, P.; Lappin, Michael R.; Guo, Ling; Mizisin, Andrew P.; Shelton, G. Diane

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00828.x

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Severe Sarcocystis myositis in two dogs with fever, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated ALT and CK levels was confirmed by muscle biopsy (85). Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs and clindamycin was unsuccessful.…”

Section: Muscular Sarcocystosismentioning

confidence: 93%

Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species

2015

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SUMMARY Recurrent outbreaks of muscular sarcocystosis among tourists visiting islands in Malaysia have focused international attention on sarcocystosis, a disease once considered rare in humans. Sarcocystis species require two hosts, definitive and intermediate, to complete their life cycle. Humans can serve as definitive hosts, with intestinal sarcocystosis for two species acquired from eating undercooked meat: Sarcocystis hominis , from beef, and Sarcocystis suihominis , from pork. Symptoms such as nausea, stomachache, and diarrhea vary widely depending on the number of cysts ingested but appear more severe with pork than with beef. Humans serve as intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis nesbitti , a species with a reptilian definitive host, and possibly other unidentified species, acquired by ingesting sporocysts from feces-contaminated food or water and the environment; infections have an early phase of development in vascular endothelium, with illness that is difficult to diagnose; clinical signs include fever, headache, and myalgia. Subsequent development of intramuscular cysts is characterized by myositis. Presumptive diagnosis based on travel history to tropical regions, elevated serum enzyme levels, and eosinophilia is confirmed by finding sarcocysts in muscle biopsy specimens. There is no vaccine or confirmed effective antiparasitic drug for muscular sarcocystosis, but anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce symptoms. Prevention strategies are also discussed.

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Section: Muscular Sarcocystosismentioning

confidence: 93%

Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species

2015

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“…Examples of infectious causes in dogs and horses include Acinetobacter calcoaceticus , Clostridium spp., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Salmonella infantum , Streptococcus equi subsp . equi , Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii , and Neospora caninum . Noninfectious inflammatory myopathies causes include immune‐mediated (dogs, horses) and para‐ or preneoplastic syndromes (dogs) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…equi, Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Neospora caninum. 3,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Noninfectious inflammatory myopathies causes include immune-mediated (dogs, horses) and para-or preneoplastic syndromes (dogs). 3,6,20 Noninfectious inflammatory myopathies are the largest group of potentially treatable myopathies in humans and are classified based on clinicopathological features into dermatomyositis, polymyositis, necrotizing autoimmune myositis, inclusion body myositis, and overlap myositis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Implications and Hospital Outcome of Immune‐Mediated Myositis in Horses

Hunyadi

Sundman

Kass

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundImmune‐mediated myositis (IMM) is a cause of rhabdomyolysis, stiffness, and muscle atrophy predominantly affecting Quarter horses. Limited information is available with regard to outcome, prognostic indicators, and associations with concurrent diseases.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo report outcomes and associations between outcome and clinical and laboratory parameters, and presence of concurrent illness.AnimalsSixty‐eight horses; 52 Quarter horses and related breeds and 16 other breeds.MethodsRetrospective cohort study (1991–2014). Medical records of horses with histological diagnosis of IMM were reviewed. Data recovery included signalment, laboratory variables, therapy, and outcome. Logistic regression was used to quantify the association between potential prognostic factors and survival to discharge.ResultsQuarter horses were younger (mean < 4 years, range 3 months–21 years) than other breeds (mean < 10 years, range 1–23 years). Pathogens causing concurrent or recent infection included S. equi equi, S. equi zooepidemicus, C. pseudotuberculosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, herpes virus‐1, and influenza. The most common clinical signs consisted of rapidly progressive diffuse symmetrical muscle atrophy (80%), stiff gait (74%), and fever (44%). All horses that received medical therapy immediately upon admission survived to discharge (survival proportion = 87%). Leucocytosis was a common finding (60%). Horses with concurrent fever and other illness had a poor prognosis for hospital discharge.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHorses with IMM can have a favorable outcome. Horses with concurrent fever and another illness had decreased probability of survival to discharge.

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“…The high incidence of parasitic infestation in sheep may explain the chronic inflammatory response eosinophilic esophagitis which represented by infiltration of the inflammatory cells, especially eosinophil's and lymphocytes, between the bundles of muscle fibers this is match with (4,20). When the cyst is ruptured sarcotoxin is released into the muscles and cause eosinophilic esophagitis, this type of inflammation occurs with severe infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells (21). The high incidence of this parasite leads to a sharp reduction in milk production and repeated abortion (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological study of some esophageal lesions of slaughtered sheep in Mosul abattoir

Al-Hamdany¹

2020

IJVS

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This study includes collection of 120 samples of sheep esophagus from slaughtered sheep in Mosul abattoir from December 2013 to March 2014 for detection of lesions and their incidence. Total 85 esophagus samples showed lesions from the total collected samples. The revealed lesions included disturbance of cell metabolism manifested by coagulative necrosis, sloughing of epithelial lining the esophagus and vacuolar degeneration at incidence rate 67.7, 23.5 and 17.6% respectively, circulatory disturbances like petechial, diffuse hemorrhage and edema were noticed at incidence rate 7.05, 4.7 and 3.5% respectively. Also results showed epithelial hyperplasia, fibroplasia and hyperkeratosis at 47, 24.7 and 31.7% of the total collected samples respectively, whereas eosinophilic inflammation of esophagus appeared at 3.5% of collected samples. Jaundice represent the disturbance in pigmentation reported at ratio of 16.4%, also additionally there was parasitic infestation represented by sarcocystosis and worm infestation which impeded in muscularis layer of esophagus at percentage ratio 50.5% and 3.5% respectively and a single case of esophageal diverticulosis was recorded at percentage ratio of 1.17%. Section that stained which Masson trichrome stain showed fibroplasia with proliferation of fibroblasts that take a bluish green color between muscle fibers.

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Severe Myositis Associated with Sarcocystis spp. Infection in 2 Dogs

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species

Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species

Clinical Implications and Hospital Outcome of Immune‐Mediated Myositis in Horses

Pathological study of some esophageal lesions of slaughtered sheep in Mosul abattoir

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