Severe Necrotizing Periodontitis in an HIV‐Infected Patient: Case Report and Non‐Surgical Treatment

Fonseca, Ricardo Roberto de Souza; Carvalho, Carlos; Rodrigues, Tânia M. S.; Cavaleiro, Rosely M. S.; Menezes, Sílvio Augusto Fernandes de; Machado, Luiz Fernando Almeida

doi:10.1002/cap.10105

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Necrotizing periodontal disease is the most severe form of PD due to rapid onset, severe pain, severe bone loss, suppuration, ulcerations, and areas of tissue necrosis. Among the clinical features of gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis, we have the following [126,127]:…”

Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Necrotizing gingivitis (NG), also known as Vincent's disease or trench mouth, is the most severe form of PD and tends to be present in individuals with severe immunosuppression; it is characterized by rapid onset, ulcerations, tissue necrosis, suppuration, bleeding, foul odor, severe pain, and loss of interdental papillae (Figure 2) [127].…”

Section: Necrotizing Gingivitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Necrotizing periodontitis (NP) is the natural evolution of NG; it is characterized by loss of soft tissue as a direct result of necrosis and acute ulceration arising from NG and presents a rapid bone destruction and extensive loss of the clinical level of bone attachment that can be generalized or located (Figure 3) [127].…”

Section: Necrotizing Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment of periodontal diseases boils down to topical and systemic chemicalmechanical therapy [127].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV Infection and Oral Manifestations: An Update

Fonseca¹,

Laurentino²,

Machado³

et al. 2023

Infectious Diseases

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes a complete depletion of the immune system; it has been a major health issue around the world since the 1980s, and due to the reduction of CD4+ T lymphocytes levels, it can trigger various opportunistic infections. Oral lesions are usually accurate indicators of immunosuppression because these oral manifestations may occur as a result of the compromised immune system caused by HIV infection; therefore, oral lesions might be initial and common clinical features in people living with HIV. So, it is necessary to evaluate and understand the mechanism, prevalence, and risk factors of oral lesions to avoid the increase morbidity among those with oral diseases.

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Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Necrotizing Gingivitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Necrotizing Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment of periodontal diseases boils down to topical and systemic chemicalmechanical therapy [127].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

HIV Infection and Oral Manifestations: An Update

Fonseca¹,

Laurentino²,

Machado³

et al. 2023

Infectious Diseases

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“…It occurs most frequently in HIV-infected individuals, although it can also be seen in individuals without HIV [51] . Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is a typical form of periodontal disease commonly associated with HIV positives [52] . It has an acute clinical presentation with the distinctive features of rapid onset of interdental gingival necrosis, gingival pain, hemorrhage and halitosis [40] .…”

Section: Oral Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on human immunodeficiency virus and dentistry

.¹

2022

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that breaks down the body's immune system leaving the patient vulnerable to a series of life-threatening opportunistic infections, neurological disorders or unusual diseases and neoplasms. Objective: To evaluate the information available about the human immunodeficiency virus related to its affections in the cavity. The topics to be evaluated are epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and oral manifestations. Methodology: In order to carry out this literature review, an electronic search was necessary using PUBMED and Google Scholar with the words "HIV AND dentistry" "epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment" and "oral manifestations ". Results: Its incidence worldwide is 38 million people with a high incidence rate in Africa and the European Union. Its diagnosis is by serological tests and rapid IgG tests. The treatment is Antiretroviral. Its most common oral manifestations are: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), followed by oral candidiasis, periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). Conclusion: Dentists must know the most common oral manifestations of HIV since there is a high incidence of people infected with this virus who present in dental consultation.

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Systemic management and periodontal treatment of HIV‐necrotizing periodontitis: A case report

Golob Deeb,

Elnakka,

Deeb

2023

Clin Adv Periodontics

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BackgroundNecrotizing periodontitis (NP) is a rare form of periodontal disease. It can manifest in immunocompromised patients and present as painful and rapidly progressing destruction with necrotic and ulcerated periodontal tissues. This case report describes a rare case of severe NP in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patient including medical management and periodontal treatment.MethodsA 28‐year‐old male presented to the periodontal clinic with chief complaint of severe oral pain leading to loss of chewing ability, spontaneous gingival bleeding, generalized gingival recession, tooth mobility, and dentinal hypersensitivity. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed generalized tissue necrosis with severe periodontal destruction, extensive bleeding, spontaneous suppuration, and heavy biofilm.ResultsMedical history was positive for perinatal HIV infection, which was treated and patient was asymptomatic until he discontinued antiviral medications nine years ago. Following initial examination, patient was referred to the Infectious disease clinic and multidisciplinary management was initiated with comprehensive management of primary disease including systemic antiviral, antibiotic, and antifungal therapy to establish immunocompetence compatible with providing mechanical nonsurgical periodontal treatment.ConclusionsThis case report highlights a severe and generalized form of NP in an HIV patient due to the cessation of antiviral therapy. Favorable course of interdisciplinary medical and periodontal therapy resulted in significant improvement in patient's systemic, oral, and periodontal health.

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Severe Necrotizing Periodontitis in an HIV‐Infected Patient: Case Report and Non‐Surgical Treatment

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

HIV Infection and Oral Manifestations: An Update

HIV Infection and Oral Manifestations: An Update

An update on human immunodeficiency virus and dentistry

Systemic management and periodontal treatment of HIV‐necrotizing periodontitis: A case report

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