Severe outcomes in unvaccinated COVID-19 cases &lt;18 years during different variant waves in Norway

Whittaker, Robert; Greve-Isdahl, Margrethe; Bøås, Håkon; Surén, Pål; Buanes, Eirik Alnes; Veneti, Lamprini

doi:10.1101/2022.03.29.22273093

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A large study performed in Europe showed a 2.50-fold increase in adjusted risk for hospitalization during the Alpha wave, along with a more modest 1.32-fold increase in this adjusted risk during Delta wave, when compared to Omicron. 20 The authors of the European study postulate that the lower risk of hospitalization with the later waves may have been secondary to increased vaccination rates in the pediatric population. Here, we also show that pediatric patients were more likely to be admitted to the hospital during the pre-Delta and Delta waves (Adjusted ORs of 2.51 and 2.07, respectively) as compared to Omicron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Younger and Rural Children are More Likely to be Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Cantu

Sanders

Turner

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose: To identify characteristics of SARS CoV2 infection that are associated with hospitalization in children initially evaluated in a Pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Methods: We identified cases of SARS CoV2 positive patients seen in the Arkansas Childrens Hospital (ACH) ED or hospitalized between May 27, 2020, and April 28, 2022 using ICD10 codes within the Pediatric Hospital Information System (PHIS) Database. We compared infection waves for differences in patient characteristics, and used logistic regressions to examine which characteristics led to a higher chance of hospitalization. Findings: We included 681 preDelta cases, 673 Delta cases, and 970 Omicron cases. Almost 17% of patients were admitted to the hospital. Compared to Omicron infected children, preDelta and Delta infected children were twice as likely to be hospitalized (OR=2.2 and 2.0, respectively; p<0.0001). Infants less than 1 year of age were >3 times as likely to be hospitalized than children ages 5 to 14 years regardless of wave (OR=3.42; 95%CI=2.36 to 4.94). Rural children were almost 3 times as likely than urban children to be hospitalized across all waves (OR=2.73; 95%CI=1.97 to 3.78). Finally, those with a complex condition had nearly a 15 fold increase in odds of admission (OR=14.6; 95%CI=10.6 to 20.0). Conclusions: Children diagnosed during the preDelta or Delta waves were more likely to be hospitalized than those diagnosed during the Omicron wave. Younger and rural patients were more likely to be hospitalized regardless of wave. We suspect lower vaccination rates and larger distances from medical care influenced higher hospitalization rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Younger and Rural Children are More Likely to be Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Cantu

Sanders

Turner

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…With the recent emergence of the more transmissible Omicron variant, recent studies suggest an even lower risk of PIMS-TS ( 54 , 55 ). Prior infection and higher vaccine uptake in adolescents will likely have contributed to this lower risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS-TS) during the SARS-CoV-2 alpha and delta variant waves: National observational and modelling study, 2020–21, England

Shingleton¹,

Burton²,

Williams³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectivesPaediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (PIMS-TS) is a rare life-threatening complication that typically occurs several weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people (CYP). We used national and regional-level data from the COVID-19 pandemic waves in England to develop a model to predict PIMS-TS cases.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 infections in CYP aged 0–15 years in England were estimated using the PHE-Cambridge real-time model. PIMS-TS cases were identified through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit during (March-June 2020) and through Secondary Uses Services (SUS) from November 2020. A predictive model was developed to estimate PIMS-TS risk and lag times after SARS-CoV-2 infections.ResultsDuring the Alpha wave, the model accurately predicted PIMS-TS cases (506 vs. 502 observed cases), with a median estimated risk of 0.038% (IQR, 0.037–0.041%) of paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections. For the Delta wave, the median risk of PIMS-TS was significantly lower at 0.026% (IQR, 0.025–0.029%), with 212 observed PIMS-TS cases compared to 450 predicted by the model.ConclusionsThe model accurately predicted national and regional PIMS-TS cases in CYP during the Alpha wave. PIMS-TS cases were 53% lower than predicted during the Delta wave. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of the observed lower risk with the Delta variant.

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Severe outcomes in unvaccinated COVID-19 cases <18 years during different variant waves in Norway

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Younger and Rural Children are More Likely to be Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Younger and Rural Children are More Likely to be Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Risk of paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS-TS) during the SARS-CoV-2 alpha and delta variant waves: National observational and modelling study, 2020–21, England

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