Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria among sudanese children at New Halfa Hospital, Eastern Sudan

Mahgoub, Hyder M.; Gasim, Gasim I.; Musa, Imad R.; Adam, Ishag

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-154

Cited by 69 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…1.3A1 and A2). In high-prevalence areas, such as those found in parts of India (Orissa State) and Myanmar, the clinical character of P. vivax has been found to behave more like P. falciparum, resulting in cases of severe disease and death (Mendis et al, 2001;Baird, 2007;Price et al, 2007a;Kochar et al, 2009;Mahgoub et al, 2012). Uncertainty estimates were high throughout India and much of Myanmar and population-weighted estimates emphasise the need to improve the estimates in India with more survey data (Fig.…”

Section: An Pharoensismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominance of Duffy negativity in Africa has led to a historical perception that P. vivax is absent from much of the continent (Rosenberg, 2007). Evidence exists, however, of autochthonous P. vivax transmission in nearly every African country (Guerra et al, 2010) and that P. vivax is capable of causing severe disease in the continent (Mahgoub et al, 2012). Therefore, we did not preclude any areas at risk before modelling endemicity.…”

Section: P Vivax Malaria Limits and Endemicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Global Public Health Significance of Plasmodium vivax

Battle

Gething

Elyazar

et al. 2012

Advances in Parasitology

113

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Section: An Pharoensismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: P Vivax Malaria Limits and Endemicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Public Health Significance of Plasmodium vivax

Battle

Gething

Elyazar

et al. 2012

Advances in Parasitology

113

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“…In general, severely ill patients with a diagnosis of P. falciparum infection came with the same syndromes but were more likely to present two or more of these. Table 7 details findings from prospective hospital-based studies (130)(131)(132)(133)(134)(135). The authors of these reports set out to systematically classify patients upon admission to hospital with a primary diagnosis of malaria and to longitudinally collect substantial numbers of patients.…”

Section: Retrospective Hospital-based Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence and Implications of Mortality Associated with Acute Plasmodium vivax Malaria

2013

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SUMMARYVivax malaria threatens patients despite relatively low-grade parasitemias in peripheral blood. The tenet of death as a rare outcome, derived from antiquated and flawed clinical classifications, disregarded key clinical evidence, including (i) high rates of mortality in neurosyphilis patients treated with vivax malaria; (ii) significant mortality from zones of endemicity; and (iii) the physiological threat inherent in repeated, very severe paroxysms in any patient, healthy or otherwise. The very well-documented course of this infection, with the exception of parasitemia, carries all of the attributes of “perniciousness” historically linked to falciparum malaria, including severe disease and fatal outcomes. A systematic analysis of the parasite biomass in severely ill patients that includes blood, marrow, and spleen may ultimately explain this historic misunderstanding. Regardless of how this parasite is pernicious, recent data demonstrate that the infection comes with a significant burden of morbidity and associated mortality. The extraordinary burden of malaria is not heavily weighted upon any single continent by a single species of parasite—it is a complex problem for the entire endemic world, and both species are of fundamental importance. Humanity must rally substantial resources, intellect, and energy to counter this daunting but profound threat.

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“…Although some reports have considered that P. vivax can induce severe manifestations, including acute anemia [12][13][14], it is classically known that infection by this parasite frequently course as a benign disease. Indeed, in contrast to P. falciparum, it has been believed that a simple infection by P. vivax is per se slightly competent to induce complications and that severe cases of vivax malaria are attributed to comorbidities as well as high rates of P. vivax recurrence in areas of intense transmission as a result of drug resistance, relapse from hypnozoites or reinfection with heterologous strains [15,16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium falciparum , but not P. vivax , can induce erythrocytic apoptosis

Totino

Magalhães

Alves

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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Background: Apoptosis can occur in red blood cells (RBC) and seems to be involved in hematologic disorders related to many diseases. In malaria it is known that parasitized RBC (pRBC) is involved in the development of anemia and thrombosis; however, non-parasitized RBC (nRBC) apoptosis could amplify these malaria-associated hematologic events. In fact, in experimental malaria, increased levels of apoptosis were observed in nRBC during lethal Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection, but in human malaria erythrocytic apoptosis has never been studied. The present study was performed to investigate if nRBC apoptosis also occurs in P. vivax and P. falciparum infections. Findings: Apoptosis of nRBC was evaluated in blood samples of P. vivax malaria patients and clinically healthly individuals living in Manaus, Brazil, both ex vivo and after incubation of RBC for 24 h. Additionally, the capacity of plasma from P. vivax or P. falciparum patients was tested for induction of in vitro apoptosis of normal RBC from a clinically healthy individual living in a non-endemic malaria region. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using annexin V staining. In contrast to experimental malaria that significantly increased the levels of apoptotic nRBC both ex-vivo and after 24 h of incubation, no significant alteration on apoptotic nRBC rates was detected in P. vivax infected patients when compared with non-infected control individuals. Similar results were observed when plasma of these P. vivax patients was incubated with normal RBC. Conversely, plasma from P. falciparum-infected subjects induced significant apoptosis of these cells. Conclusions: Apoptosis of normal RBC can be induced by plasma from individuals with P. falciparum (but not with P. vivax) malaria. This finding could reflect the existence of erythrocytic apoptosis during infection that could contribute to the pathogenesis of hematological and vascular complications associated with falciparum malaria.

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Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria among sudanese children at New Halfa Hospital, Eastern Sudan

Cited by 69 publications

References 31 publications

The Global Public Health Significance of Plasmodium vivax

The Global Public Health Significance of Plasmodium vivax

Evidence and Implications of Mortality Associated with Acute Plasmodium vivax Malaria

Plasmodium falciparum , but not P. vivax , can induce erythrocytic apoptosis

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