Severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, in a patient transferred to the United Kingdom from the Middle East, September 2012

Bermingham, Alison; Chand, Manish; Brown, Caroline; Aarons, Emma; Tong, C. Y. William; Langrish, C.; Höschler, Katja; Brown, Kevin E.; Galiano, Mónica; Myers, Richard; Pebody, Richard; Green, H.K.; Boddington, Nicola L.; Gopal, Robin; Price, Nick; Newsholme, William; Drosten, Christian; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Zambon, Maria

doi:10.2807/ese.17.40.20290-en

Cited by 372 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Coronaviruses (family Coronaviridae ) are a diverse group of positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA viruses with enveloped virions (Masters & Perlman, 2013; Cui et al , 2019). Coronaviruses are well known due to the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002–2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, both of which caused thousands of cases in multiple countries (Ksiazek et al , 2003; Bermingham et al , 2012; Cui et al , 2019). Coronaviruses naturally infect a broad range of vertebrate hosts including mammals and birds (Cui et al , 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood molecular markers associated with COVID‐19 immunopathology and multi‐organ damage

et al. 2020

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COVID‐19 is characterized by dysregulated immune responses, metabolic dysfunction and adverse effects on the function of multiple organs. To understand host responses to COVID‐19 pathophysiology, we combined transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to identify molecular markers in peripheral blood and plasma samples of 66 COVID‐19‐infected patients experiencing a range of disease severities and 17 healthy controls. A large number of expressed genes, proteins, metabolites, and extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) exhibit strong associations with various clinical parameters. Multiple sets of tissue‐specific proteins and exRNAs varied significantly in both mild and severe patients suggesting a potential impact on tissue function. Chronic activation of neutrophils, IFN‐I signaling, and a high level of inflammatory cytokines were observed in patients with severe disease progression. In contrast, COVID‐19‐infected patients experiencing milder disease symptoms showed robust T‐cell responses. Finally, we identified genes, proteins, and exRNAs as potential biomarkers that might assist in predicting the prognosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These data refine our understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical progress of COVID‐19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood molecular markers associated with COVID‐19 immunopathology and multi‐organ damage

et al. 2020

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“…This pandemic has altered economic and social structures throughout the world. Enhanced understanding of coronavirus biology from past outbreaks of SARS-CoV in 2003 and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 enabled rapid design and emergency use approval of COVID-19 vaccines ( 1-5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and In vivo protection of a variant nanoparticle vaccine that confers broad protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Patel

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread globally. As SARS-CoV-2 has transmitted from person to person, variant viruses have emerged with elevated transmission rates and higher risk of infection for vaccinees. We present data showing that a recombinant prefusion-stabilized Spike (rS) protein based on the B.1.351 sequence (rS-B.1.351) was highly immunogenic in mice and produced neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2/WA1, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351. Mice vaccinated with our prototype vaccine NVX-CoV2373 (rS-WU1) or rS-B.1.351 alone, in combination, or as a heterologous prime boost, were protected when challenged with live SARS-CoV-2/B.1.1.7 or SARS-CoV-2/B.1.351. Virus titer was reduced to undetectable levels in the lungs post-challenge in all vaccinated mice, and Th1-skewed cellular responses were observed. A strong anamnestic response was demonstrated in baboons boosted with rS-B.1.351 approximately one year after immunization with NVX-CoV2373 (rS-WU1). An rS-B.1.351 vaccine alone or in combination with prototype rS-WU1 induced protective antibody- and cell-mediated responses that were protective against challenge with SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses.

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“…MERS-CoV, which causes respiratory-type illness but differing from that caused by SARS-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) was isolated in 2012 (26,176). MERS-CoV replicates in cell lines from Rousettus, Rhinolophus, Pipistrellus, Myotis, and Carollia bats as well as pigs, substantiating that MERS-CoV uses a different receptor to ACE2 that is conserved in bats, pigs, and humans, demonstrating a continued strong zoonotic potential (177,178).…”

Section: Mers-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus infections have been a part of the animal kingdom for millennia. The difference emerging in the twenty-first century is that a greater number of novel coronaviruses are being discovered primarily due to more advanced technology and that a greater number can be transmitted to humans, either directly or via an intermediate host. This has a range of effects from annual infections that are mild to full-blown pandemics. This review compares the zoonotic potential and relationship between MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The role of bats as possible host species and possible intermediate hosts including pangolins, civets, mink, birds, and other mammals are discussed with reference to mutations of the viral genome affecting zoonosis. Ecological, social, cultural, and environmental factors that may play a role in zoonotic transmission are considered with reference to SARS-CoV, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 and possible future zoonotic events.

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Severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, in a patient transferred to the United Kingdom from the Middle East, September 2012

Cited by 372 publications

References 8 publications

Blood molecular markers associated with COVID‐19 immunopathology and multi‐organ damage

Blood molecular markers associated with COVID‐19 immunopathology and multi‐organ damage

Immunogenicity and In vivo protection of a variant nanoparticle vaccine that confers broad protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

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