Severe street and mountain bicycling injuries in adults: a comparison of the incidence, risk factors and injury patterns over 14 years

Contribution of exposure, risk of crash and fatality to explain age- and sex-related differences in traffic-related cyclist mortality rates

“…For example, most of the excess CCMR among younger Spanish people is clearly related with the much greater use of bicycles by young people compared to older people (Dirección General de Tráfico, 2011). Several previous individual-level studies have analyzed the contribution of factors such as age or sex on the risk of crash, severe injury or death among cyclists (Boufous et al, 2012;Persaud et al, 2012;Roberts et al, 2012). However, to our knowledge no previous studies at an individual level have attempted to investigate a complementary issue: the relative contributions of some key factors to the overall risk of death defined according to characteristics such as age and sex.…”

Recreational Sporting Activity Vehicle‐Related Deaths

“…Another interesting finding in the series of cases is the fact that each of the decedents was male, another definite but unalterable “human factor.” It should also be emphasized here that the “human factors” issue includes the choice to use, and the proper use of, various protective equipment, either on the vehicle (for example safety belts) or on the rider (for example helmets). Examples of additional recreational vehicle‐related cases where human factors (including risk factors such as male sex, young age, inexperience, inattention/carelessness, recklessness, lack of education, fatigue, poor conditioning/fitness, intoxication, not using safety equipment, excessive speed, and poor judgment) play a role in injury or death related to recreational/sports vehicle use are plentiful within the literature, including reports related to land sports , water sports , and winter sports .…”

“…It should also be emphasized here that the "human factors" issue includes the choice to use, and the proper use of, various protective equipment, either on the vehicle (for example safety belts) or on the rider (for example helmets). Examples of additional recreational vehicle-related cases where human factors (including risk (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), water sports (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), and winter sports (13,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31).…”

“…Certain other environmental factors are known to exist in other situations where deaths occur with recreational vehicle use, but are not included in the presented cases. Numerous reports of such environmental factors playing a role in injuries/deaths in recreational vehicle-related activities exist within the literature and include reports dealing with land sports vehicles (4,9,12,15), water sports vehicles (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)36), and winter sports vehicles (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)30). In addition to those environmental hazards that are specifically addressed in these references, various other environmental factors, such as lightning (37), mudslides (38), flash floods (39), and extremely cold (40) or hot (41) environmental temperatures can also result in the deaths of individuals using recreational vehicles.…”

Incidence of injuries and illness and related risk factors in mountain biking events: A systematic review protocol

“…The remaining 68% were caused by loss of control (32%), loss of traction (14%), collisions with stationary objects (7%) and other or unknown causes (14%) (13). There are more spinal injuries in mountain biking than in road cycling due to the rider falling over the handlebars onto the top of the head (14). Injuries in mountain biking events present a unique challenge to event organisers.…”