Severity assessment using three common behavioral or locomotor tests after laparotomy in rats: a pilot study

Zieglowski, Leonie; Kümmecke, Anna Maria; Ernst, Lisa; Schulz, M; Talbot, Steven R.; Palme, Rupert; Czaplik, Michael; Tolba, René

doi:10.1177/0023677220911680

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In a previous study, we reported laparotomy-induced changes in moving activities of rats in the OF test [ 6 ]. The results demonstrated that animals show less activity with increasing distress or pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On D-15 (surgery I), a telemetric transmitter (hereafter referred to as transmitter implantation, TI; Data Sciences International, Minnesota, USA; HD-S11) was surgically implanted subcutaneously in the left flank in 12 animals of each 7-day survival group. All animals in the Sham group were implanted with a dummy device, as these animals were part of a pilot study [ 6 ] performed before studying PH. Transmitter implantation was followed by a 12-day recovery phase with no further intervention.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postoperative scoring was conducted three times a day from POD1 to POD3 and once a day in the morning from POD4 to POD7. The schedule of this experiment is identical to that used in the pilot study [ 6 ]. On euthanasia day (POD1, POD3, or POD7) rats were reopened (surgery III) under general anesthesia [induction: 5 vol% isoflurane (Abbott GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany) + 5 L O 2 /min; maintenance: 2 vol% isoflurane + 2 L O 2 /min] and analgesia (metamizole; Novaminsulfon-ratiopharm ® 1 g/2 mL; Ratiopharm GmbH, Ulm, Germany; 100 mg/kg, s.c., single dose) and were euthanized by final blood withdrawal from the inferior vena cava .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a further method, behavioral testing via the OF test was used to assess postoperative severity in this surgical model involving the use of living animals as described elsewhere [ 6 ]. Here, the focus was set on to the evaluation of spontaneous locomotor behavior and voluntary willingness to move as indices of surgery-related severity in the animal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the severity of laparotomy and partial hepatectomy in male rats—A multimodal approach

et al. 2021

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This study assessed the postoperative severity after three different visceral surgical interventions in rats by using objective parameters pertaining to various disciplines. The objective was to evaluate whether the degree of severity increases with the invasiveness of the intervention and whether this is in accordance with the EU Directive 2010/63. 136 adult male WistarHan rats were assigned to three groups: Sham-laparotomy (Sham) [7 days post-surgical survival time]; 50% partial hepatectomy (PH); 70% PH [PH groups with 1, 3, or 7 days post-surgical survival times]. Post-surgical severity assessment was performed via several multimodal assessment tools: I) model-specific score sheet focusing on body weight, general condition, spontaneous behavior, and the animals’ willingness to move as well as on wound healing; II) Open Field tests evaluating the total distance and velocity an animal moved within 10 minutes and its rearing behavior during the test; III) telemetric data analyzing heart rate and blood pressure; and IV) analysis of blood (AST, ALT, and hemogram) and fecal samples (fecal corticosterone metabolites). Significant differences among the experimental groups and models were observed. We demonstrated that the Open Field test can detect significant changes in severity levels. Sham-laparotomy and removal of 50% of the liver mass were associated with comparable severity (mild–moderate); the severity parameters returned to baseline levels within seven days. Removal of 70% of the liver tissue seemed to be associated with a moderate severity grade and entailed a longer recovery period (>7 days) for complete regeneration. We recommend the use of Open Field tests as part of multimodal objective severity assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the severity of laparotomy and partial hepatectomy in male rats—A multimodal approach

et al. 2021

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“…If no corresponding intervention was found in the catalogs, this position is white. 1 Pogatzki and Raja ( 42 ); 2 Buvanendran et al ( 49 ); 3 Duarte et al ( 50 ); 4 Brennan et al ( 43 ); 5 Kendall et al ( 51 ); 6 Flatters ( 30 ); 7 Ho Kim and Mo Chung ( 52 ); 8 Bennett and Xie ( 53 ); 9 Decosterd and Woolf ( 54 ); 10 Buvanendran et al ( 46 ); 11 Jimenez-Andrade et al ( 55 ); 12 Lu et al ( 56 ); 13 Ren et al ( 57 ); 14 Awsare et al ( 58 ); 15 Zieglowski et al ( 59 ); 16 Llovera et al ( 60 ); 17 Kyweriga et al ( 61 ).…”

Section: Exemplary Application Of the Wwhow Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “WWHow” Concept for Prospective Categorization of Post-operative Severity Assessment in Mice and Rats

et al. 2022

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The prospective severity assessment in animal experiments in the categories' non-recovery, mild, moderate, and severe is part of each approval process and serves to estimate the harm/benefit. Harms are essential for evaluating ethical justifiability, and on the other hand, they may represent confounders and effect modifiers within an experiment. Catalogs and guidelines provide a way to assess the experimental severity prospectively but are limited in adaptation due to their nature of representing particular examples without clear explanations of the assessment strategies. To provide more flexibility for current and future practices, we developed the modular Where-What-How (WWHow) concept, which applies findings from pre-clinical studies using surgical-induced pain models in mice and rats to provide a prospective severity assessment. The WWHow concept integrates intra-operative characteristics for predicting the maximum expected severity of surgical procedures. The assessed severity categorization is mainly congruent with examples in established catalogs; however, because the WWHow concept is based on anatomical location, detailed analysis of the tissue trauma and other intra-operative characteristics, it enables refinement actions, provides the basis for a fact-based dialogue with authority officials and other stakeholders, and helps to identify confounder factors of study findings.

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Amphiphilic NLC-Gel formulation loaded with Sebacoyl dinalbuphine ester and Nalbuphine for localized postoperative pain management

Lin,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2024

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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Severity assessment using three common behavioral or locomotor tests after laparotomy in rats: a pilot study

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Assessing the severity of laparotomy and partial hepatectomy in male rats—A multimodal approach

Assessing the severity of laparotomy and partial hepatectomy in male rats—A multimodal approach

The “WWHow” Concept for Prospective Categorization of Post-operative Severity Assessment in Mice and Rats

Amphiphilic NLC-Gel formulation loaded with Sebacoyl dinalbuphine ester and Nalbuphine for localized postoperative pain management

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