Severity of Atherosclerosis in Cerebral Arteries, Coronary Arteries, and Aortas*

Solberg, L A; McGarry, Paul; Moossy, John; Strong, Jack P.; Tejada, Carlos; Löken, Aagot Christie

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb53849.x

Cited by 104 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…First, anatomical studies have shown a correlation between the extent and the severity of atherosclerosis in carotid or vertebral arteries and in coronary arteries. 51,52 Second, asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is an independent risk factor for CAD. 53 Third, cross-sectional studies have suggested that the prevalence and the severity of asymptomatic CAD increase in case of stroke attributable to large artery disease and with the severity of carotid artery stenosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Vascular Death After Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke

Touzé

Varenne

Châtellier

et al. 2005

Stroke

346

239

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Background-Whether stroke patients should be investigated for asymptomatic coronary artery disease remains matter of debate. Absolute risks of myocardial infarction (MI) and vascular death after a stroke have not been accurately assessed. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to determine the risk of MI and nonstroke vascular death after transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke. Cohort studies of TIA or ischemic stroke patients were included if they were published between 1980 and March 2005, reported risk of MI and nonstroke vascular death, enrolled Ͼ100 patients, and had at least 1 year of follow-up. We included 39 studies in a total of 65 996 patients with mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Two reviewers independently carried out data extraction using a standardized form. Absolute annual risks were estimated through weighted meta-regressions with a random effect. To test the predictions of expected event rates derived from our analysis, we used individual patient data. Summary of Review-The annual risks were 2.1% (CI 95%: 1.9 to 2.4) for nonstroke vascular death, 2.2% (1.7 to 2.7) for total MI, 0.9% (0.7 to 1.2) for nonfatal MI and 1.1% (0.8 to 1.5) for fatal MI. The time course of risk was linear. Estimated risks fitted well with observed risks at the individual level. There was no heterogeneity in the absolute risks according to baseline study characteristics. Conclusions-Patients

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Vascular Death After Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke

Touzé

Varenne

Châtellier

et al. 2005

Stroke

346

239

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“…There were three animals vasectomized in 1964 that were 20-22 yr old at necropsy; two control animals were [20][21][22] yr of age at necropsy. There were five animals vasectomized in 1968 that were 16-18 yr of age at necropsy; three control animals were 15-16 yr of age at necropsy; the two animals vasectomized in 1971 were 13-15 yr old at necropsy; three control animals were known to be 14 Immunologic determinations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term vasectomy: effects on the occurrence and extent of atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys.

Clarkson¹,

Alexander²

1980

J. Clin. Invest.

128

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A B S 'f A C T We demonstrated previously that atherosclerosis develops more extensively in vasectomiiized cyiniomolgus maca(lues fed anl atherogeniic diet anid speculated that the immunologic responise to sperimi antigens may have exacerbated the atherosclerosis. We report here that rhesus monkeys vasectoniized for 9-14 yr and fed monkey chow (devoid of cholesterol and low in fat) rather than an atherogenic diet also had mlore extensive and severe atherosclerosis than did control aniiim-als of the same age.The extent of atherosclerosis was conisidered as the percentage of intimal suiface with plaques. No coIntrol aniiimcals were found to have plaques in the thoracic aorta, but 7 of 10 vasectomized monkeys were affected.The plaqlues in the vasectomized monkeys occupied about 13% of the intimal surface. In 4 of 7 control miioinkeys and 7 of 10 vasectoinized monkeys there were lesioins in the abdominal aortas; the lesions were considerably more extensive and severe in the vasectomized animiials. Lesions were also miore coimmon in iliac arteries of vasectomized animals, and the extent was increased about threefold.Pla(lues were seen at the carotid bifurcation in all of the animals of 1oth the control and vasectomized groups. The carotid bifurcation plaques of the vasectonlize(l mnonkeys were larger than those of the control acnimals on the right but not on the left side.Histologically, the lesions of vasectomized monkeys dlid not appear to be qualitatively different fronm those of control animilals, even though they were larger and containied miore collagen, lipid, aind mucopolysaccharides. Grossly, the dlistril)ution of the lesions in the vasectomized aDnimnals was differen-t froin that in the con-trol animaitls, anid that of lesions iniduced by athero-

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“…Previous autopsy studies reported significant positive correlations between carotid and coronary atherosclerosis; [17][18][19][20][21] although those correlations were not strong, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.4 to 0.6. Young et al examined the correlations among the cerebral arteries or among the coronary arterial branches and between the 2 arterial beds and reported a weaker correlation between carotid and coronary atherosclerosis (r=0.57) than among the cerebral branches (r=0.89-0.96) or among the coronary arterial branches (r=0.74-0.82).…”

Section: Postmortem Studymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…17 Solberg et al also reported a weaker correlation between carotid and coronary atherosclerosis than between aortic and coronary atherosclerosis. 19 Pasterkamp et al reported no significant correlations between plaque accumulation or luminal stenosis in the common carotid artery and luminal stenosis of other peripheral arteries. 26 …”

Section: Postmortem Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous autopsybased pathological reports have also described positive correlations between carotid and coronary atherosclerosis, but the correlations were relatively weak, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.4 to 0.6. [17][18][19][20][21] Consequently, the data suggest possible discordances between carotid and coronary atherosclerosis in the same individual. Thus, the simple assumption of a good correlation in atherosclerotic severity among the different arterial beds could lead to an under-or overestimation of coronary atherosclerosis in discordant cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Elderly Patients With Minimal Common Carotid Atherosclerosis Not Infrequently Have Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction

Sawabe

Hamamatsu

Chida

et al. 2008

Circ J

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Background The presence of discordances between common carotid and coronary atherosclerosis in the same individual has not been previously reported. Methods and ResultsThe subjects of the present study were 1,518 consecutive autopsy cases at a general geriatric hospital. All were aged 60 years or older (821 men, 697 women) with an average age of 80 years. The atherosclerotic index of the common carotid artery (CC-AI) and coronary stenotic index (CSI) were semi-quantitatively evaluated. The simple correlation coefficient between the CC-AI and CSI was 0.456 (p<0.0001). Among 689 cases with minimal common carotid atherosclerosis (CC-AI ≤2), 74 (11%) had severe coronary atherosclerosis (CSI ≥12), 68 (10%) had coronary heart disease, and 80 (12%) had pathologically-verified myocardial infarction (MI). Among those with minimal common carotid atherosclerosis, the serum total cholesterol level, diabetes mellitus, and history of smoking were significantly higher or more frequent in cases with a CSI ≥12 than in the patients with a CSI <12. Conclusions A considerable proportion of cases with minimal common carotid atherosclerosis had severe coronary atherosclerosis and MI. This discordance can potentially lead to an underestimation of coronary risks if normal common carotid morphology is obtained by ultrasound. (Circ J 2008; 72: 1946 -1952

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Severity of Atherosclerosis in Cerebral Arteries, Coronary Arteries, and Aortas*

Cited by 104 publications

References 7 publications

Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Vascular Death After Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke

Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Vascular Death After Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke

Long-term vasectomy: effects on the occurrence and extent of atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys.

Elderly Patients With Minimal Common Carotid Atherosclerosis Not Infrequently Have Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction

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