Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Does Surfactant Matter?

Weiskirchen, Ralf

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01905

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Based on several features of pulmonary surfactants, they are believed to have importance in COVID-19 pathogenesis, diagnosis or therapy. It has been proposed that a lower concentration of pulmonary surfactant is a critical risk factor for COVID-19 [45]. Studies have also reported that concentration of SP-A and SP-B were low in BAL of patients before and after onset of ARDS [46].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative proteomics of hamster lung tissues infected with SARS-CoV-2 reveal host-factors having implication in the disease pathogenesis and severity

Suresh

Mohanty

Avula

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) manifests lung pathology that resembles human COVID-19 patients. In this study, efforts were made to check the infectivity of a local SARS-CoV-2 isolate in hamster model and evaluate the differential expression of lung proteins during acute infection and convalescence. The findings of this study confirm the infectivity of this isolate in vivo. Analysis of clinical parameters and tissue samples shows a similar type of pathophysiological manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection as reported earlier in COVID-19 patients and hamsters infected with other isolates. The lung-associated pathological changes were very prominent on the 4th day post-infection (dpi), mostly resolved by 14dpi. Here, we carried out quantitative proteomic analysis of the lung tissues from SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters at day 4 and day 14 post infection. This resulted in the identification of 1,585 differentially expressed proteins of which 68 proteins were significantly altered among both the infected groups. Pathway analysis revealed complement and coagulation cascade, platelet activation, ferroptosis and focal adhesion as the top enriched pathways. In addition, we also identified altered expression of two pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins (Sftpd and Sftpb), known for their protective role in lung function. Together, these findings will aid in the identification of candidate biomarkers and understanding the mechanism(s) involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative proteomics of hamster lung tissues infected with SARS-CoV-2 reveal host-factors having implication in the disease pathogenesis and severity

Suresh

Mohanty

Avula

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…a significant potential for short-term prevention and therapeutic application for respiratory virus infection [34]. Moreover, the role of the pulmonary surfactant has been highlighted and proposed as a potential treatment approach even for severe cases of COVID-19 [88,89,90,91,92]. All in all, the manner in which surfactants are able to alter and mediate the interactions of viral proteins in the cell offers many interesting and promising possibilities and improve our understanding of the interaction between phospholipids and receptor-binding motif of SARS-CoV-2 at the nanoscale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipids dock SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via hydrophobic interactions: a minimal in-silico study of lecithin nasal spray therapy

Qaisrani¹,

Belousov²,

Goliaei³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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<p>Understanding the physical and chemical properties of viral infection at molecular scales is a major challenge of the scientific community in the fight against the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. We employ all-atoms molecular dynamics simulations to study the interaction between the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the surfactant lecithin in water solutions. Our microsecond simulations reveal a preferential binding of lecithin to the receptor-binding motif (RBM) of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we find that the lecitin-RBM binding events are mainly dominated by the hydrophobic interactions, which are accompanied by dewetting of water molecules near the RBM. These proof-of-concept simulations provide a demonstration of the use of biodegradable phospholipids as blockers of binding of SARS-CoV-2 with the human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.</p>

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“…The patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are presented with clinical symptoms which are very similar to those observed in NRDS ( Nieman et al, 2018 ; Schousboe et al, 2020 ) for which deficiency in PS is the primary cause ( Figure 2 ). Decreased concentration of PS, altered composition of PS and mutations in PS are reported to be the critical factors in COVID-19 mortality ( Weiskirchen, 2020 ). Mirastschijski et al has suggested to include pulmonary surfactants therapy in the early stages together with standard ARDS care.…”

Section: Pulmonary Surfactants In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Pulmonary Surfactants in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Lung alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells produce pulmonary surfactant (PS), consisting of proteins and lipids. The lipids in PS are primarily responsible for reducing the air-fluid surface tension inside the alveoli of the lungs and to prevent atelectasis. The proteins are of two types: hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Hydrophilic surfactants are primarily responsible for opsonisation, thereby protecting the lungs from microbial and environmental contaminants. Hydrophobic surfactants are primarily responsible for respiratory function. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the lungs through ACE-2 receptors on lungs and replicates in AT-II cells leading to the etiology of Coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 virus damages the AT-II cells and results in decreased production of PS. The clinical symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients are like those of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). The PS treatment is first-line treatment option for NRDS and found to be well tolerated in ARDS patients with inconclusive efficacy. Over the past 70°years, a lot of research is underway to produce natural/synthetic PS and developing systems for delivering PS directly to the lungs, in addition to finding the association between PS levels and respiratory illnesses. In the present COVID-19 pandemic situation, the scientific community all over the world is searching for the effective therapeutic options to improve the clinical outcomes. With a strong scientific and evidence-based background on role of PS in lung homeostasis and infection, few clinical trials were initiated to evaluate the functions of PS in COVID-19. Here, we connect the data on PS with reference to pulmonary physiology and infection with its possible therapeutic benefit in COVID-19 patients.

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Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Does Surfactant Matter?

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

Quantitative proteomics of hamster lung tissues infected with SARS-CoV-2 reveal host-factors having implication in the disease pathogenesis and severity

Quantitative proteomics of hamster lung tissues infected with SARS-CoV-2 reveal host-factors having implication in the disease pathogenesis and severity

Phospholipids dock SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via hydrophobic interactions: a minimal in-silico study of lecithin nasal spray therapy

The Role of Pulmonary Surfactants in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19

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