Severity of Cortical Thinning Correlates With Schizophrenia Spectrum Symptoms

Watsky, Rebecca E.; Pollard, Katharine Ludovici; Greenstein, Deanna; Shora, Lorie; Dillard-Broadnax, Diane; Gochman, Peter; Clasen, Liv S.; Berman, Rebecca; Rapoport, Judith L.; Gogtay, Nitin; Ordóñez, Anna E.

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.008

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The current study accords with findings of greater brain age (22,(24)(25)(26)(27), and cortical thinning/volume loss (12)(13)(14)(15)47), across the psychosis spectrum. Our findings also broadly accord with the recent work of Kaufmann et al (22) who adopted a transdiagnostic case-control approach.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Brain-predicted age associates with psychopathology dimensions in youth

Cropley

Fernando

Mansour

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: This study aims to investigate whether dimensional constructs of psychopathology relate to advanced, attenuated or normal patterns of brain development, and to determine whether these constructs share common neurodevelopmental profiles.Methods: Psychiatric symptom ratings from 9312 youths (8-21 years) were parsed into 7 independent dimensions of clinical psychopathology representing conduct, anxiety, obsessivecompulsive, attention, depression, bipolar, and psychosis symptoms. Using a subset of this cohort with structural MRI (n=1313), a normative model of brain morphology was established and the model was then applied to predict the age of youth with clinical symptoms. We investigated whether the deviation of brain-predicted age from true chronological age, called the brain age gap, explained individual variation in each psychopathology dimension.Results: Individual variation in the brain age gap significantly associated with clinical dimensions representing psychosis (t=3.16, p=0.0016), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (t=2.5, p=0.01), and general psychopathology (t=4.08, p<0.0001). Greater symptom severity along these dimensions was associated with brain morphology that appeared older than expected for typically developing youth of the same age. Psychopathology dimensions clustered into two modules based on shared brain loci where putative accelerated neurodevelopment was most prominent. Patterns of morphological development were accelerated in frontal cortices for depression, psychosis and conduct symptoms (Module I), whereas acceleration was most evident in subcortex and insula for the remaining dimensions (Module II). Conclusions:Our findings suggest that advanced brain development, particularly in frontal cortex and subcortical nuclei, underpins clinical psychosis and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth.Psychopathology dimensions share common neural substrates, despite representing clinically independent symptom profiles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Brain-predicted age associates with psychopathology dimensions in youth

Cropley

Fernando

Mansour

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Response inhibition and semantic switching are mediated by a frontal-temporal-parietal network in healthy individuals ( 110 – 113 ) and in schizophrenia patients ( 114 – 116 ). Interestingly, alterations within this network seem to be of central importance in SPD as reduced gray matter volume ( 117 , 118 ) has been reported in SPD patients along with associations between cortical thinning ( 119 ) or gray matter volume reductions ( 118 ) with SPD symptoms. Although the literature on schizotypy is still limited, there is evidence implicating this neural network in negative schizotypy ( 120 , 121 ), as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Functioning and Schizotypy: A Four-Years Study

2021

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Although there is ample evidence from cross-sectional studies indicating cognitive deficits in high schizotypal individuals that resemble the cognitive profile of schizophrenia-spectrum patients, there is still lack of evidence by longitudinal/follow-up studies. The present study included assessments of schizotypal traits and a wide range of cognitive functions at two time points (baseline and 4-years assessments) in order to examine (a) their stability over time, (b) the predictive value of baseline schizotypy on cognition at follow-up and (c) differences in cognition between the two time points in high negative schizotypal and control individuals. Only high negative schizotypal individuals were compared with controls due to the limited number of participants falling in the other schizotypal groups at follow-up. Seventy participants (mean age: 36.17; 70% females) were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Schizotypal traits were evaluated with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. We found that schizotypal traits decreased over time, except in a sub-group of participants (“schizotypy congruent”) that includes individuals who consistently meet normative criteria of inclusion in either a schizotypal or control group. In these individuals, negative schizotypy and aspects of cognitive-perceptual and disorganized schizotypy remained stable. The stability of cognitive functioning also varied over time: response inhibition, aspects of cued attention switching, set-shifting and phonemic/semantic verbal fluency improved at follow-up. High negative schizotypy at baseline predicted poorer response inhibition and semantic switching at follow-up while high disorganized schizotypy predicted poorer semantic processing and complex processing speed/set-shifting. The between-group analyses revealed that response inhibition, set-shifting and complex processing speed/set-shifting were poorer in negative schizotypals compared with controls at both time points, while maintaining set and semantic switching were poorer only at follow-up. Taken together, the findings show differential stability of the schizotypal traits over time and indicate that different aspects of schizotypy predict a different pattern of neuropsychological task performance during a 4-years time window. These results are of significant use in the formulation of targeted early-intervention strategies for high-risk populations.

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“…Diffuse cortical thinning is characteristic of schizophrenia and here we extend this finding to show that thickness values in several medial (posterior cingulate) and temporal (superior sulcus) regions specifically associated with social processing are reduced significantly relative to control values, but not relative to those with schizoaffective disorder. The extensive overlap between patient groups raises the possibility that thinning in social brain regions is a shared neurobiological characteristic within the schizophrenia spectrum (Watsky et al, 2016). However, the present study did not include functional brain imaging measures of regional metabolism, blood flow or connectivity data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The continuing story of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: One condition or two?

Hartman

Heinrichs

Mashhadi

2019

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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Although schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder remain separable in diagnostic systems, the validity of the distinction is uncertain. This study asked whether schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are distinguishable on selected cognitive, social cognitive and structural social brain measures. Outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 44) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 29) and non-psychiatric control participants (n = 62) were studied. Patients were assessed clinically (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and all participants were administered a battery of cognitive (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery; Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Wide Range Achievement Reading) and social cognitive (Reading the Mind in the Eyes, Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test; MSCEIT) tasks. In addition, participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to yield cortical thickness data for 42 regions associated with the social brain network. Results showed no significant differences between patient groups on 17/18 cognitive/social cognitive and social brain cortical thickness measures. In contrast, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients differed from controls on 16/18 and 11/18 measures respectively. Schizoaffective disorder patients outperformed schizophrenia patients on an emotion regulation task (MSCEIT). Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are largely indistinguishable on key cognitive, social cognitive and neural measures. The continuing separation of these syndromes in diagnostic systems and disease models requires is questionable and requires further attention.

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Severity of Cortical Thinning Correlates With Schizophrenia Spectrum Symptoms

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Brain-predicted age associates with psychopathology dimensions in youth

Brain-predicted age associates with psychopathology dimensions in youth

Cognitive Functioning and Schizotypy: A Four-Years Study

The continuing story of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: One condition or two?

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