Severity of pediatric traumatic brain injury and neurobehavioral recovery at one year—A cohort study

Jaffe, Kenneth M.; Fay, Gayle C.; Polissar, Nayak L.; Martin, Kathleen M.; Shurtleff, Hillary A.; Rivara, J. M.; Winn, H. Richard

doi:10.1016/0003-9993(93)90156-5

Cited by 160 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Time since injury, injury severity, and age at injury have consistently been linked to neuropsychological outcome following pediatric TBI (11,26). In this study, time since injury was not associated with either overall intellectual or neuropsychological functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Impairments have been noted in intelligence (11), verbal memory (12), attention (13), executive skills (14), word fluency (15), working memory (16), problem solving (17), language (i.e., narrative discourse) (18), and academic functioning (19). Further, it has been suggested that a child's developmental status at the time of injury is a significant predictor of outcome, with younger age at injury and injury severity being related to poor outcome (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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MR spectroscopy: Predicting long‐term neuropsychological outcome following pediatric TBI

Babikian¹,

Freier²,

Ashwal³

et al. 2006

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

104

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Purpose: To identify useful acute indicators of long-term neurocognitive outcome beyond clinical variables for children and adolescents treated for a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and Methods:The efficacy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) acquired 6 Ϯ 4 days after TBI in 20 children/adolescents in predicting intellectual and neuropsychological functioning one to four years post injury was assessed. Short echo-time single voxel MRS (SVS) from normal-appearing brain was compared to intermediate echo-time multivoxel MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) from normal-appearing and visibly-injured brain acquired through the level of the corpus callosum (CC).Results: N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) was moderate to strongly correlated with cognitive scores. Mean NAA/creatine (Cre) from MRSI alone explained over 40% of the variance in cognitive scores and 18% of the variance above and beyond demographic and clinical variables alone. Mild to moderate associations were noted between SVS metabolites (glutamate/glutamine [Glx] and myoinositol [mI]) and cognitive scores, with no such associations apparent for choline (Cho) or Cre. Exploratory analyses revealed trends for regional neuroimaging data and specific cognitive abilities. Conclusion:Acute MR spectroscopy of the pediatric brain injury patient improves prognostic ability and may provide valuable information for early treatment and intervention planning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

MR spectroscopy: Predicting long‐term neuropsychological outcome following pediatric TBI

Babikian¹,

Freier²,

Ashwal³

et al. 2006

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Neyens and Aldencamp (1996) reported test-retest reliability coefficients in a sample of 59 children between the ages of 4 and 12 years of .33 and .56 for Part A and Part B, respectively. TMT performance in school-aged children is sensitive to various types of central nervous system injury (Boll, Berent, & Richards, 1977;Jaffe et al, 1993;Reitan, 1971). For example, O'Leary et al (1983) found that school-aged children and adolescents with early onset epileptic seizures (before age 5) performed more poorly on both Parts A and B compared to those children with late onset seizures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a Trial Making Test in Young Children: The TRAILS-P

Espy¹,

Cwik²

2004

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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“…In a longitudinal study of 6-to 15-year-old children, Jaffe et al 19,20,35,46 found that severity of injury was related to several tests of IQ, adaptive problem solving, memory, and academic performance at 3 weeks, 1 year, and 3 years after injury. Severity of injury was also related to social competence, teacher ratings of adaptive functioning, and global functioning.…”

Section: Effects On Injured Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pediatric Head Trauma for Children, Parents, and Families

Youngblut

Singer

Boyer

et al. 2000

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America

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SUMMARYSevere pediatric head injury has negative consequences for children of all ages. Even mild and moderate head injury results in residual impairment for school-age children and adolescents. Data are needed on the effects of these less severe insults, especially for preschoolers. Although research on the impact of the child's head injury on the parent-child relationship and family functioning is limited, the experience is likely to be very stressful for the parent and the family. Indeed, family integrity may be at risk. Research is needed that examines the effects of a child's head injury for the parent and the family over time and identifies factors related to these outcomes.Accidental injury is the leading cause of death and acquired disability for children over 1 year of age. Children under 15 years of age account for 22.4% of over 35 million emergency department visits each year that result from injury. 42 Head injuries account for 29% of children's hospitalizations caused by injury. 34 Most pediatric head injuries are caused by accidental falls and motor vehicle accidents for 1-to 9-year olds and sports injuries for 5-to 9-year olds. 28 Continued progress in emergency medical care has led to increased survival of children with traumatic brain injury, but many survivors are at high risk for acute and chronic impairments in functioning. Thus, brain-injured children and their families face significant challenges because of impairment that affects the children's daily lives, their school performance, their future, and frequently, the well-being of family members and the family system. When a preschool child suffers an accidental head injury, families are suddenly faced with fears about the child's survival and current condition and uncertainty about the child's future. Hospitalization in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) may exacerbate these fears. 64, 66 Severely brain-injured school-age children and adolescents are often left with significant disabilities. 16 Even school-age children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injuries experience decreased functional status initially and problems with neurobehavioral abilities, such as attention deficit and memory loss, for at least a year after the injury. 47 The stress associated with adapting to a "new" child with continuing but subtle deficits is likely to have negative effects for the parent's mental health, with potential deterioration of the parent-child and family relationships. The purpose of this article is to review the research on effects of head injury for the injured child, the parents, and the family.Address reprint requests to

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Severity of pediatric traumatic brain injury and neurobehavioral recovery at one year—A cohort study

Cited by 160 publications

References 11 publications

MR spectroscopy: Predicting long‐term neuropsychological outcome following pediatric TBI

MR spectroscopy: Predicting long‐term neuropsychological outcome following pediatric TBI

The Development of a Trial Making Test in Young Children: The TRAILS-P

Effects of Pediatric Head Trauma for Children, Parents, and Families

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