Severity of personality dysfunction predicts affect and self-efficacy in daily life.

Abstract

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) alterative model of personality disorders, severity of personality dysfunction theoretically involves deficits in identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy. We predicted that people with greater personality dysfunction would experience more problems in daily life, particularly problems associated with self-efficacy for engaging with affect and self-control (i.e., subjective willpower and distress intolerance), along with greater intensity of life stressors and higher perceived invalidation from others. Using ecological momentary assessment, participants (N ϭ 99) were randomly prompted 7 times a day for 1 week, where they were asked questions about momentary affect, their perceived level of momentary distress tolerance, and their momentary willpower. Each night they were also asked about stressors experienced that day and intensity of their subjective response to those stressors and their daily experience of being invalidated. Results found that higher personality dysfunction, assessed at baseline, predicted greater daily negative affect, less daily positive affect, more intensely experienced stressors, and more perceived invalidation. We also found that personality dysfunction interacted with positive affect in predicting momentary self-efficacy and daily invalidation; people with greater personality dysfunction experienced lower momentary willpower, higher distress intolerance and stronger perceived invalidation alongside lower positive affect. These findings provide evidence that personality functioning influences daily life as well as support the use of the alterative model of personality disorders in conceptualizing personality pathology.

Person–environment transactions differentiate personality and psychopathology

“…Transaction. People perpetually transact with the environments in which they find themselves, in ways that are more or less adaptive [90][91][92][93][94][95] . Person-environment transaction can manifest in three ways 96,97 (Fig.…”

Comparing Measures of Criterion A to Better Understand Incremental Validity in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders

“…The LPFS-SR is associated with interpersonal problems and personality disorders, and is also strongly correlated with normal range personality traits ( r s ranging around .5) and pathological personality traits ( r s = .6–.7; Hopwood et al, 2018; see also Hemmati et al, 2020). Higher LPFS-SR at baseline was significantly associated with greater daily experiences of negative affect, stress, and invalidation (Heiland et al, in press). Sleep and colleagues (2020) examined incremental validity for the LPFS-SR, finding that the LPFS-SR was able to increment normal range and pathological personality traits (PID-5) for the outcomes of personality disorder.…”

The low self-efficacy trap: why people with vulnerabilities experience prolonged periods with payment problems

“…It is associated with conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Newark et al, 2016), Bipolar Disorder (Smith et al, 2020), and personality disorders in general (Heiland and Veilleux, 2021) as well as with feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression (e.g., Heffernan, 1988;Burgogne, 1990;Krause and Baker, 1992;Mates and Allison, 1992;Ennis et al, 2000).…”