Severity of schizophrenia and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities: a comparison of state and veterans hospital patients

Marsh, Laura; Lim, Kelvin O.; Hoff, Anne L.; Harris, Debra; Beal, Michael; Minn, Kyungtak; Faustman, William O.; Csernansky, John G.; Sullivan, Edith V.; Pfefferbaum, Adolf

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00197-8

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The STG finding is consistent with several other studies (e.g., Zipursky et al, 1994;Menon et al, 1995;Marsh et al, 1999;Gur et al, 2000;Sanfilipo et al, 2000), which have found bilateral STG reduction in individuals with schizophrenia. The superior temporal gyrus is a brain region that is important for auditory processing and also plays a significant role in language processing (which is usually leftlateralized in right-handed individuals).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…More specifically, there have been several studies reporting volume reductions in the gray matter of the STG (Shenton et al, 1992;Schlaepfer et al, 1994;Zipursky et al, 1994;Menon et al, 1995;Hajek et al, 1997;Hirayasu et al, 1998;Keshavan et al, 1998;Sullivan et al, 1998;Holinger et al, 1999;Marsh et al, 1999;Gur et al, 2000;Sanfilipo et al, 2000). Recent reviews (Shenton et al, , 2001aMcCarley et al, 1999) document that all studies (listed above) evaluating STG gray matter, separate from white matter, have reported reductions in schizophrenic patients, and 10 out of 15 studies in which gray and white matter were combined have reported reductions in schizophrenic patients (positive findings: Barta et al, 1990Barta et al, , 1997Flaum et al, 1995;Tune et al, 1996;Marsh et al, 1997;Pearlson et al, 1997;Reite et al, 1997;Keshavan et al, 1998;Bryant et al, 1999;Rajarethinam et al, 2000;negative findings: Vita et al, 1995;Kulynych et al, 1996;Woodruff et al, 1997;Roy et al, 1998;Havermans et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An MRI study of temporal lobe abnormalities and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

Anderson

Wible

McCarley

et al. 2002

Schizophrenia Research

100

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Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported various subtle brain abnormalities in schizophrenic patients, including temporal lobe abnormalities, which are of particular interest given the role of this brain region in auditory and language processing, and the characteristic deficits in these processes in schizophrenia. Subjects in this study were 16 male patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and 15 healthy male comparison subjects. These patients were characterized by negative symptoms. High spatial resolution coronal MRI 1.5-mm-thick slices were used to measure the gray matter volume of the superior temporal gyrus, anterior and posterior amygdala/ hippocampal complex, and parahippocampal gyrus. Patients, relative to normal comparison subjects, evinced a reduction of gray matter volume in bilateral superior temporal gyri and anterior amygdala/ hippocampal complex. The reduction in gray matter of the superior temporal gyrus in patients with schizophrenia is consistent with previous findings, and is noteworthy in that it was found in this group of patients with predominantly negative symptoms. The reduction in the anterior amygdala/ hippocampal complex was an additional temporal lobe finding. These results underscore the role of temporal lobe structures in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An MRI study of temporal lobe abnormalities and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

Anderson

Wible

McCarley

et al. 2002

Schizophrenia Research

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…28 Cortical temporal regions, especially the superior temporal gyrus (STG), have also been examined. 29 Reduced volume has been observed in anterior, 8,30 posterior, 7,31 and total STG 21,32 and is related to the severity of auditory hallucinations 8 and thought disorder. 7 However, other studies have not noted STG decrease.…”

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confidence: 95%

Temporolimbic Volume Reductions in Schizophrenia

Gur¹,

Turetsky²,

Cowell³

et al. 2000

Arch Gen Psychiatry

333

160

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“…[ Colombo et al, 1993;Deicken et al, 1999;DeLisi et al, 1991;Harvey et al, 1993;Havermans et al, 1999;Marsh et al, 1997;Marsh et al, 1999;Niemann et al, 2000;Sanfilipo et al, 2000b;Staal et al, 2000;Swayze et al, 1992;Zipursky et al, 1994] STG GM 100 0 12 0 12 + [Gur et al, 2000a;Hajek et al, 1997;Hirayasu et al, 1998;Holinger et al, 1999;Keshavan et al, 1998b;Marsh et al, 1999;Menon et al, 1995;Sanfilipo et al, 2000b;Schlaepfer et al, 1994;Shenton et al, 1992;Sullivan et al, 1998;…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

Shenton

Dickey

Frumin

et al. 2001

Schizophrenia Research

2,146

121

1,332

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After more than 100 years of research, the neuropathology of schizophrenia remains unknown and this is despite the fact that both Kraepelin (1919/1971: Kraepelin,E., 1919/1971. Dementia praecox. Churchill Livingston Inc., New York) and Bleuler (1911/1950: Bleuler, E., 1911/1950. Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias. International Universities Press, New York), who first described 'dementia praecox' and the ' schizophrenias', were convinced that schizophrenia would ultimately be linked to an organic brain disorder. Alzheimer (1897: Alzheimer, A., 1897. Beitrage zur pathologischen anatomie der hirnrinde und zur anatomischen grundlage einiger psychosen. Monatsschrift fur Psychiarie und Neurologie. 2, 82-120) was the first to investigate the neuropathology of schizophrenia, though he went on to study more tractable brain diseases. The results of subsequent neuropathological studies were disappointing because of conflicting findings. Research interest thus waned and did not flourish again until 1976, following the pivotal computer assisted tomography (CT) finding of lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia by Johnstone and colleagues. Since that time significant progress has been made in brain imaging, particularly with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), beginning with the first MRI study of schizophrenia by Smith and coworkers in 1984 (Smith, R.C., Calderon, M., Ravichandran, G. K., et al. (1984). Nuclear magnetic resonance in schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Res. 12, 137-147). MR in vivo imaging of the brain now confirms brain abnormalities in schizophrenia.The 193 peer reviewed MRI studies reported in the current review span the period from 1988 to August, 2000. This 12 year period has witnessed a burgeoning of MRI studies and has led to more definitive findings of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia than any other time period in the history of schizophrenia research. Such progress in defining the neuropathology of schizophrenia is largely due to advances in in vivo MRI techniques. These advances have now led to the identification of a number of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Some of these abnormalities confirm earlier postmortem findings, and most are small and subtle, rather than large, thus necessitating more advanced and accurate measurement tools. These findings include ventricular enlargement (80% of studies reviewed) and third ventricle enlargement (73% of studies reviewed). There is also preferential involvement of medial temporal lobe structures (74% of studies reviewed), which include the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, and neocortical temporal lobe regions (superior temporal gyrus) (100% of studies reviewed). When gray and white matter of superior temporal gyrus was combined, 67% of studies reported abnormalities. There was also moderate evidence for frontal lobe abnormalities (59% of studies reviewed), particularly prefrontal gray matter and orbitofrontal regions. Similarly, there was moderate evidence for parietal lobe ab...

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Severity of schizophrenia and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities: a comparison of state and veterans hospital patients

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

An MRI study of temporal lobe abnormalities and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

An MRI study of temporal lobe abnormalities and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

Temporolimbic Volume Reductions in Schizophrenia

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

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