Sewage impacts coral reefs at multiple levels of ecological organization

Reopanichkul, Pasinee; Schlacher, Thomas A.; Carter, Bill; Worachananant, Suchai

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.024

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Wastewater discharges to tide adversely affect the fringing reef of the Red Sea as occurs in all coral reef ecosystems [30][31][32], which in turn, adversely affects fisheries and the potential recreational aspects of the reef ecosystem. Coral reef ecosystems provide a diverse variety of goods and services to humanity [33,34].…”

Section: Indirect Reuse and Irrigation Use Using Mar Treatment Of Dommentioning

confidence: 99%

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Economics for Wastewater Reuse in Low Population Wadi Communities, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Missimer

Maliva

Ghaffour

et al. 2014

Water

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Depletion of water supplies for potable and irrigation use is a major problem in the rural wadi valleys of Saudi Arabia and other areas of the Middle East and North Africa. An economic analysis of supplying these villages with either desalinated seawater or treated wastewater conveyed via a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) system was conducted. In many cases, there are no local sources of water supply of any quality in the wadi valleys. The cost per cubic meter for supplying desalinated water is $2-5/m 3 plus conveyance cost, and treated wastewater via an MAR system is $0-0.50/m 3 plus conveyance cost. The wastewater reuse, indirect for potable use and direct use for irrigation, can have a zero treatment cost because it is discharged to waste in many locations. In fact, the economic loss caused by the wastewater discharge to the marine environment can be greater than the overall amortized cost to construct an MAR system, including conveyance pipelines and the operational costs of reuse in the rural environment. The MAR and associated reuse system can solve the rural water supply problem in the wadi valleys and reduce the economic losses caused by marine pollution, particularly coral reef destruction. OPEN ACCESSWater 2014, 6 2323

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Section: Indirect Reuse and Irrigation Use Using Mar Treatment Of Dommentioning

confidence: 99%

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Economics for Wastewater Reuse in Low Population Wadi Communities, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Missimer

Maliva

Ghaffour

et al. 2014

Water

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“…Effects of sewage discharges on fish assemblages are also presumably associated with profound modifications of other biotic components, such as benthic invertebrates and macroalgae (Fabricius et al, 2005), with serious alterations of the structural and functional attributes of the ecosystem being likely to occur in proximity of sewages (Reopanichkul et al, 2009). Overall, changes in fish assembleages, in other biotic components and ecosystem functions, though spatially localized, are expected to have negative socio-economic effects, especially in countries like Malta where marinebased tourism represents the main economical source of income.…”

Section: Assemblage Level Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The environmental impacts generated by these waste waters is generally localized around the source of discharge (Smith et al, 1999 and references therein) with the spatial scale that may change according to treatments, flow rates, and depth of release (Stamou and Kamizoulis, 2009). Increasing levels of organic matter and pollutants may impact coastal ecosystems at multiple levels of ecological organization (Reopanichkul et al, 2009) with negative socio-economic consequences (Islam and Tanaka, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the community level (see Johnston and Roberts, 2009 for a review), sewage effects have been traditionally studied on benthic assemblages, especially soft-bottom invertebrates, because these organisms are usually easy to sample quantitatively and show detectable responses to a variety of anthropogenic impacts (Warwick, 1993). Nevertheless, in recent years the effects of sewages have been investigated in different assemblages, such as hard substrate sessile organisms (Terlizzi et al, 2002 and references therein); parasites (Mackenzie, 1999 and references therein); plankton (Bianchi et al, 2003) and fish assemblages (Otway, 1996;Gray, 1997;Smith et al, 1999;Schlacher et al, 2005;Guidetti et al, 2002;Ribeiro et al, 2008;Reopanichkul et al, 2009). Particularly, the use of fish to reveal both natural and anthropogenic alterations to the environment has received an increasing attention in the last decades (Karr, 1981;Warwick, 1993;Whitfield and Elliott, 2002;Martinho et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monitoring of biological assemblages has long been used to detect environmental impacts (see Ball and Mudge, 2008 for a complete review) and several studies, carried out in different marine ecosystems and at different latitudes, already evidenced changes of fish assemblages in response to sewage outfalls and organic enrichment (Otway, 1996;Gray, 1997;Smith et al, 1999;Schlacher et al, 2005;Ribeiro et al, 2008;Reopanichkul et al, 2009). Presently, the detection of such impacts at assemblage level has been progressively improved by the evolution of multivariate analyses and calculation systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sewage pollution impact on Mediterranean rocky-reef fish assemblages

Azzurro

Matiddi

Fanelli

et al. 2010

Marine Environmental Research

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The effects of sewage outfalls on subtidal fish assemblages were studied along the NW coasts of Malta (Sicily channel, Mediterranean Sea) by means of underwater visual census. The presence of two spatially distinct outfalls discharging untreated wastewaters allowed to use a balanced symmetrical ACI (After Control/Impact) design that consisted of two putatively impacted locations and two controls, with four sites nested in each location. Surveys were performed in 2006 at two random dates. The study highlighted significant changes at both assemblage and individual species levels. Fish assemblages structures were different between controls and sewages, where total abundance of fish were higher. The responses of individual species to sewage pollution were mostly related to an anomalous increase of two small opportunistic species i.e. Gobius bucchichii andParablennius rouxi and to a decrease of species of the genus Symphodus, particularly S. roissali and S. ocellatus. Moreover in correspondence of the outfalls, significant changes of the fish size distribution were detected for several species. These results support the use of fish assemblages as biological indicators for marine coastal waters and demonstrated the possibility to obtain sharp signals of environmental impact from some individual fish species.

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Pollution

2021

Tropical Marine Ecology

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Sewage impacts coral reefs at multiple levels of ecological organization

Cited by 81 publications

References 37 publications

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Economics for Wastewater Reuse in Low Population Wadi Communities, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Economics for Wastewater Reuse in Low Population Wadi Communities, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Sewage pollution impact on Mediterranean rocky-reef fish assemblages

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