Sewage sludge biochars as effective PFAS-sorbents

Krahn, Katinka Muri; Cornelissen, Gerard; Castro, Gabriela; Arp, Hans Peter H.; Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G.; Wolf, Raoul L.; Holmstad, Rune; Zimmerman, Andrew R.; Sørmo, Erlend

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130449

Cited by 56 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The effective largest diameter D max is defined such that the respective perpendicular diameter is minimal, the latter being the effective second largest or simply effective diameter D eff ; the effective third largest diameter D min is the diameter perpendicular to both D max and D eff . The resulting value of D eff = 0.6 nm for PFOA is in good agreement with literature findings [ 27 ] and fits well with the experimentally determined mean pore diameter of aCS of 0.6 nm (cf. Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Accordingly, the decrease of adsorbent affinity towards PFOA with a decreasing PZNC due to electrostatic repulsion of the oxidized surface and the anionic PFOA molecule is in conformity with observed trends in the literature [ 34 ]. The adsorption affinity of an adsorbent towards PFOA is a complex interplay of the adsorbent characteristics such as charge, ion exchange capacities and various functional groups, but also a matter of pore size [ 16 , 27 , 35 ]. Nevertheless, the decrease in the adsorption affinity of the aged adsorbents towards MCB is also significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Balda

Mackenzie

Woszidlo

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Recent innovative adsorption technologies for water purification rely on micrometer-sized activated carbon (AC) for ultrafast adsorption or in situ remediation. In this study, the bottom-up synthesis of tailored activated carbon spheres (aCS) from sucrose as renewable feedstock is demonstrated. The synthesis is based on a hydrothermal carbonization step followed by a targeted thermal activation of the raw material. This preserves its excellent colloid properties, i.e., narrow particle size distribution around 1 µm, ideal spherical shape and excellent aqueous dispersibility. We investigated the ageing of the freshly synthesized, highly de-functionalized AC surface in air and aqueous media under conditions relevant to the practice. A slow but significant ageing due to hydrolysis and oxidation reactions was observed for all carbon samples, leading to an increase of the oxygen contents with storage time. In this study, a tailored aCS product was generated within a single pyrolysis step with 3 vol.-% H2O in N2 in order to obtain the desired pore diameters and surface properties. Adsorption characteristics, including sorption isotherms and kinetics, were investigated with monochlorobenzene (MCB) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as adsorbates. The product showed high sorption affinities up to log (KD/[L/kg]) of 7.3 ± 0.1 for MCB and 6.2 ± 0.1 for PFOA, respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Balda

Mackenzie

Woszidlo

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…The pore size of ABs is the key factor controlling this process. 51 The phenol molecules that reach the inner surface of the adsorbent micropores are adsorbed, and a combination of physical and chemical adsorption occurs in the micropores. 52 Owing to physical adsorption, microporous filling adsorption and van der Waals forces, the adsorbed phenol molecules are not bound to the adsorbent surface fixed points and can move within a limited range of the interface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling behavior and enhancement mechanism of porous structure, graphite microcrystals, and oxygen-containing groups of activated biochar for the adsorption of phenol

Garg

Zhong

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…Sewage sludge, a significant by‐product of municipal wastewater treatment, was where most carbon‐rich materials, nutrients and pathogens were transferred and enriched 10‐12 . Sewage sludge was recommended as a resource recovery method in agricultural production 13 . Previously, sewage sludge was dried and used as construction material, incinerated in landfills 14 or anaerobic digestion (AD) 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12] Sewage sludge was recommended as a resource recovery method in agricultural production. 13 Previously, sewage sludge was dried and used as construction material, incinerated in landfills 14 or anaerobic digestion (AD). 15 However, single anaerobic digestion had limited gas production performance and needed to be supplemented with additional carbon sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of biochar addition on anaerobic co‐digestion of sewage sludge and swine manure: copper immobilization and digestion performance

Han²,

Zhu

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: A significant concentration of the heavy metal Cu is found in sludge and swine manure, and excessive agricultural use of Cu can seriously inhibit plant growth. There is a critical need for an effective technology to address the issue of biotoxicity.RESULTS: This study aimed to immobilize heavy metal Cu and decrease its bioavailability by adding biochar for anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) with swine manure and sludge. Coconut shell biochar (CSB), bamboo biochar (BC) and fruit shell biochar (FSB) were prepared by pyrolysis based on coconut shell, bamboo and fruit shell as precursors. Anaerobic co-digestion experiments were designed (sludge inoculation ratio: 20% of working volume), a biochar dosing ratio of 5% (dry weight of swine manure) and the effects on Cu immobilization and biogas production performance were investigated. CSB had a larger specific surface area (765.2 m 2 g −1 ) and more abundant surface functional groups (C O, C O, O C O, OH) than BC and FSB. CSB treatment demonstrated that the ultimate cumulative biogas production was 360.27 mL g −1 volatile solid -76.30% higher than the control (no addition). CSB addition decreased the amount of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-extractable Cu to 19.75 mg kg −1 (immobilizing 75%). The correlation between environmental factors (pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon) and Cu immobilization was verified by redundancy analysis, and a positive correlation was revealed between phosphorus content and the Cu immobilization effect.CONCLUSION: This article presented comparative biochar research and contributed to assessing the environmental risk of Cu in anaerobic digestion. It guided the application of biochar for the treatment of heavy metal pollution.

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Sewage sludge biochars as effective PFAS-sorbents

Cited by 56 publications

References 67 publications

Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Bottom-Up Synthesis of De-Functionalized and Dispersible Carbon Spheres as Colloidal Adsorbent

Coupling behavior and enhancement mechanism of porous structure, graphite microcrystals, and oxygen-containing groups of activated biochar for the adsorption of phenol

Effects of biochar addition on anaerobic co‐digestion of sewage sludge and swine manure: copper immobilization and digestion performance

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