Sewer system operation into the 21st century, study of selected responses from a UK perspective

Tait, S.; Ashley, Richard; Cashman, Adrian; Blanksby, John; Saul, Adrian J.

doi:10.1080/15730620701737470

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In fact, the study by SemadeniDavies et al (2008) clearly showed that climate change is not the most important driver of increased pollution levels, and that increases in damage may be effectively counterbalanced by measures not solely related to urban drainage. Tait et al (2008) confirmed that increased urbanisation (related to increased population and economic growth) also had a significant impact on urban runoff. For a typical urban area in the UK, in addition to climate change they assumed that paved areas would increase by about 25 % of their current value and roof areas by about 10 %.…”

Section: Urban Catchmentssupporting

confidence: 62%

Projected Change—River Flow and Urban Drainage

Willems

Lloyd‐Hughes

2016

North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

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Hydrological extremes, largely driven by precipitation, are projected to become more intense within the North Sea region. Quantifying future changes in hydrology is difficult, mainly due to the high uncertainties in future greenhouse gas emissions and climate model output. Nevertheless, models suggest that peak river flow in many rivers may be up to 30 % higher by 2100, and in some rivers even higher. The greatest increases are projected for the northern basins. Earlier spring floods are projected for snow-dominated catchments but this does not always cause an increase in peak flows; peak flows may decrease if higher spring temperatures lead to reduced snow storage. An increase in rain-fed flow in winter and autumn may change the seasonality of peak flows and floods. The proximity of a river basin to the ocean is also important; the closer the two the greater the potential damping of any climate change effect. In urban catchments, the specific characteristics of the drainage system will dictate whether the net result of the climate change effect, for example the projected increase in short-duration rainfall extremes, is to damp or amplify the impact of this change in precipitation. The response in terms of sewer flood and overflow frequencies and volumes is highly non-linear. The combined impact of climate change and increased urbanisation in some parts of the North Sea region could result in as much as a four-fold increase in sewer overflow volumes.

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Section: Urban Catchmentssupporting

confidence: 62%

Projected Change—River Flow and Urban Drainage

Willems

Lloyd‐Hughes

2016

North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

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“…Research conducted by Tait et al (2008) indicates that climate change, which is thought to be caused by current global warming, will produce around a 20% additional increase in CSO spill volume for a catchment in the UK by the 2020s. Other studies have investigated the effects of CSOs under the current climate in the UK such as FitzGerald (2008), who provides a case study from Langstone Harbour with a largely urban catchment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of sewer overflow performance with climate change in northwest England

Abdellatif

Atherton

Alkhaddar

et al. 2015

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Changes in rainfall patterns associated with climate change can affect the operation of a combined sewer system, with the potential increase in rainfall amount. This could lead to excessive spill frequencies and would also likely introduce hazardous substances into the receiving waters, which in turn, would have an impact on quality of shellfish and bathing waters. This paper quantifies the spilling volume, duration and frequency of 19 Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) to receiving waters under two climate change scenarios, the high (A1FI) and the low (B1) scenarios, simulated by three GCMs, for a studied catchment in north-western England. The future rainfall is downscaled, using climatic variables from HadCM3, CSIRO and CGCM2 GCMs, with use of a hybrid Generalised Linear -Artificial Neural Network model. Results from the model simulation for the future in 2080 showed an annual increase of 37% in total spill volume, 32% in total spill duration, and 12% in spill frequency for the Shellfish water limiting requirements, under the high scenario, as projected by the HadCM3 as maximum while the other GCMs projected different changes. Nevertheless the catchment drainage system is projected to cope with the future conditions in 2080 by all three GCMs. The results also indicate that under scenario B1 a significant drop was projected by CSIRO, which could reach up to 50% in spill volume, 39% in spill duration and 25% in spill frequency in the worst case. The results further show that during the bathing season, a substantial drop is expected in the CSO spill drivers as predicted by all GCMs under both scenarios.Key words artificial neural network, bathing waters, combined sewer overflows, climate change, generalised linear model, pollution, shellfish waters INTRODUCTIONThe quality of coastal waters may be adversely affected by increased stormwater overflows and hence will result in the lowering of shellfish harvesting water classifications (Andrew 2008) and also affect the quality of bathing and drinking waters. Thus, it is important to limit pollution from Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) and improve unsatisfactory intermittent discharges. This requirement is going to be particularly challenging to comply with once we start to consider the impacts of climate change on the safe operation of sewerage systems (Keirle and Hayes 2007). This is likely to have a greater impact on watercourses in dry summers and possibly aesthetic problems leading to more complaints by the public. Furthermore, during prolonged dry summer periods there will be an increase in pollutant levels, both on the surface and in sewer silts, which will have a greater pollutant impact on receiving watercourses at a time when their flows are low (Hurcombe 2001). In the 2011 Return from the UK water companies to OFWAT, the total number of unsatisfactory intermittent discharges (UIDs) from CSOs in England and Wales was estimated as 24,812 of which approximately 25% are believed to be monitored (OFWAT 2011). In addition, there were 6,039 CSOs in Scotland ...

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“…Several studies (e.g. Semadeni-Davies et al, 2008a;Tait et al, 2008;Willems, 2012) also shows that population growth and increased wealth, in addition to CC, will have major impact on urban flooding Extreme precipitation and flooding in cities have large social costs such as traffic disruptions, damage to infrastructure and buildings, people experiencing uncertainty for new floods, sick leave due to infectious water, lost sales for businesses, pollution of drinking water and local recipients (Lindholm et al, 2008). The insurance company in Norway is of the opinion that these costs could increase by 40% or more over the next ten years (Nyeggen, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between extreme rainfall and insurance claims due to urban flooding – case study Fredrikstad, Norway

Torgersen¹

2016

J. Urb. and Environ. Engng

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Abstract:During the last decades an increase in extreme rainfall has led to more urban flooding. This study is based on insurance claims of damages caused by heavy rain during 2006−2012 in Fredrikstad, Norway. Data are analysed using Principal Component Analysis. The purpose has been to find characteristics of extreme rainfall and its influence on the extent of urban flooding. The number of claims seems to be peaked in the late summer period. Furthermore, the precipitation depth the week before an extreme rainfall seems to have significantly influence for the pay out from insurers, and thus the changing in runoff factor due to soil wetness is of importance. Compared to 25-year frequency rainfall with 30 min duration, relatively less intensive, but more stable and long-lasting rain seems to lead to more claims. Experiences from previous events may help to determine the level of flood risk when extreme rainfall is forecasted.

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Sewer system operation into the 21st century, study of selected responses from a UK perspective

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

Projected Change—River Flow and Urban Drainage

Projected Change—River Flow and Urban Drainage

Quantitative assessment of sewer overflow performance with climate change in northwest England

Correlation between extreme rainfall and insurance claims due to urban flooding – case study Fredrikstad, Norway

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