Sex affects immune response capacity against COVID‐19 infection

Zovi, Andrea; Ferrara, Francesco; Langella, R.; Cavallaro, Fabiola; Vitiello, Antonio

doi:10.1002/rmv.2450

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

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“…The same could be interpreted as the determined opposite effect of DCA–VPA in the increase of IL1A , IL1B , IL23A , IL24 , and CXCL2 expression after the treatment of female cells. The difference in female immune mechanisms from those of males in SARS-CoV-2 infection is reported [ 120 ]. Our studies have shown that the effect of DCA–VPA on male T lymphocytes is significantly associated with the suppression of IL6 and related cytokines genes, which is not the case in female cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Combined Treatment with Sodium Dichloroacetate and Sodium Valproate on the Genes in Inflammation- and Immune-Related Pathways in T Lymphocytes from Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Pneumonia: Sex-Related Differences

Stakišaitis,

Kapočius,

Tatarūnas

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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The study presents data on the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination of sodium dichloroacetate and sodium valproate (DCA–VPA) on the expression of inflammation- and immune response-related genes in T lymphocytes of SARS-CoV-2 patients. The study aimed to assess the effects of DCA–VPA on the genes of cytokine activity, chemokine-mediated signaling, neutrophil chemotaxis, lymphocyte chemotaxis, T-cell chemotaxis, and regulation of T-cell proliferation pathways. The study included 21 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumonia: 9 male patients with a mean age of 68.44 ± 15.32 years and 12 female patients with a mean age of 65.42 ± 15.74 years. They were hospitalized between December 2022 and March 2023. At the time of testing, over 90% of sequences analyzed in Lithuania were found to be of the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. The T lymphocytes from patients were treated with 5 mmol DCA and 2 mmol VPA for 24 h in vitro. The effect of the DCA–VPA treatment on gene expression in T lymphocytes was analyzed via gene sequencing. The study shows that DCA–VPA has significant anti-inflammatory effects and apparent sex-related differences. The effect is more potent in T cells from male patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumonia than in females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Combined Treatment with Sodium Dichloroacetate and Sodium Valproate on the Genes in Inflammation- and Immune-Related Pathways in T Lymphocytes from Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Pneumonia: Sex-Related Differences

Stakišaitis,

Kapočius,

Tatarūnas

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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In silico evidence that substitution of glycine for valine (p.G8V) in a common variant of TMPRSS2 isoform 1 increases accessibility to an endocytic signal: Implication for SARS-cov-2 entry into host cells and susceptibility to COVID-19

Calcagnile,

Damiano,

Lobreglio

et al. 2024

Biochimie

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination on global, regional, and national burden of Guillain-Barré syndrome: observational study

Gào,

Zhao,

Yang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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ObjectivesTo estimate the global, regional, and national burden and trends of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), and to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures on the GBS burden.DesignObservational study.Setting204 countries and territories.Data sourcesGlobal Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 and Our World in Data.Main outcome measuresAll-cause and COVID-19-specific age-standardized years lived with disability (YLD) rates and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).ResultsGlobally, the burden of GBS significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, age-standardized YLD rates were 0.86 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 0.56 to 1.24) per 100,000 people in 2020, rising to 1.75 (95% UI: 1.12 to 2.54) per 100,000 people in 2021, reflecting an EAPC of 70.35% (95% UI: 38.73 to 109.06) from 2019 to 2021. Regionally, the highest age-standardized YLD rates in 2020 and 2021 were observed in the high-income Asia Pacific and central Latin America, respectively, while the lowest rates were found in East Asia for both years. Age-standardized YLD rates rose 3.7 times faster in countries with a low socio-demographic index (SDI) versus countries with a high SDI (103.21% per year (95% UI: 71.10 to 141.35%) vs 28.02% per year (11.46 to 47.03)). Males generally had higher YLD rates across all age groups, with the highest disparity in those aged 80 and above. During the first two years of the pandemic, the increase in YLD rates was more pronounced in females and younger populations aged 15-29 years. A statistically negative correlation was observed between COVID-19 vaccination coverage and the GBS burden, with increases in full vaccination coverage per 100 people leading to decreases in all-cause YLD rates by 0.0070 and COVID-19-specific YLD rates by 0.0128 per 100,000 people.ConclusionPredominantly driven by the surge of COVID-19 cases, the burden of GBS significantly increased during the first two years of the pandemic, especially in those countries with lower SDI levels. Greater increases in the GBS burden were observed in females and younger populations (15-29 years). Importantly, the benefits of vaccination outweighed the risks in controlling the post-COVID-19 GBS burden, although significant disparities in vaccination coverage existed between countries. These findings offer robust evidence facilitating public education and transparent communication on COVID-19 vaccination and highlight the urgency for targeted control measures to manage the burden of post-infection complications, such as GBS, during future COVID-19 waves or other potential pandemics.WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPICGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease, and respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are the major triggering factors.From 1990 to 2019, the burden of GBS was relatively low, with negligible changes observed in most countries and territories.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination on the burden of GBS remains not fully understood.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDSDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the global age-standardized years lived with disability (YLD) related to GBS increased by 70.30% annually, and low socio-demographic index (SDI) regions experienced the most rapid GBS burden increment (103.21%).The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was the primary factor contributing to the increased burden of GBS during the COVID-19 pandemic.Improving vaccination coverage was the most effective measure to reduce the post-COVID-19 burden of GBS, and each additional fully vaccinated person (per hundred people) decreased the COVID-19-specific age-standardized YLD of GBS by 0.0128 per 100,000 population.

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Sex affects immune response capacity against COVID‐19 infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of Combined Treatment with Sodium Dichloroacetate and Sodium Valproate on the Genes in Inflammation- and Immune-Related Pathways in T Lymphocytes from Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Pneumonia: Sex-Related Differences

Effects of Combined Treatment with Sodium Dichloroacetate and Sodium Valproate on the Genes in Inflammation- and Immune-Related Pathways in T Lymphocytes from Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Pneumonia: Sex-Related Differences

In silico evidence that substitution of glycine for valine (p.G8V) in a common variant of TMPRSS2 isoform 1 increases accessibility to an endocytic signal: Implication for SARS-cov-2 entry into host cells and susceptibility to COVID-19

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination on global, regional, and national burden of Guillain-Barré syndrome: observational study

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