2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100297
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Sex, ancestry, senescence, and aging (SAnSA) are stark drivers of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease

Abstract: Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease (PD) disproportionately affects otherwise healthy, older, Caucasian females. The reasons behind this are likely multifactorial involving several conspiring factors. A variety of factors are thought to contribute to increased susceptibility to NTM in the older adult including exposure to various environmental conditions and contaminants across the lifespan, genetic risk factors, hormonal changes, and immunodeficiency. Independent of sex and ancestry, respirat… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Our findings are consistent with prior studies. Patients with NTM pulmonary infection are generally characterized by older age [ 11 13 , 19 ] which may entail an age-dependent decrease in respiratory muscle strength and mucocilliary clearance and an association with other factors such as impaired cell-mediated immunity, cytokine production, and phagocytosis [ 20 ]. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the association of NTM infection and female gender, also reported by others [ 11 , 12 , 21 ], are not fully understood.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our findings are consistent with prior studies. Patients with NTM pulmonary infection are generally characterized by older age [ 11 13 , 19 ] which may entail an age-dependent decrease in respiratory muscle strength and mucocilliary clearance and an association with other factors such as impaired cell-mediated immunity, cytokine production, and phagocytosis [ 20 ]. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the association of NTM infection and female gender, also reported by others [ 11 , 12 , 21 ], are not fully understood.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The prevalence of a CFTR gene mutation in the Caucasian population is estimated to be 1 in 20 individuals, resulting in occurrences of CF in 1 in 2000–2500 live births [ 52 ]. CF patients are particularly susceptible to recurrent and chronic bacterial and mycotic infections, including those due to Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Burkholderia cepacia complex, and NTM, among others [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. The mechanisms for susceptibility in CF patients are complicated by thickened mucus and inability to clear bacteria, secondary ciliary dysfunction, and reduced human beta-defensin-2 function and level [ 56 ].…”
Section: Ntm Diseasesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These ubiquitous bacteria reside in soil and water sources and can infect the lung after inhalation of aerosols, aspiration of liquid, or secretion from the upper respiratory tract ( 7 ). Despite widespread exposure, NTMPD is predominantly observed in older individuals and in those with underlying lung diseases, such as bronchiectasis of various etiologies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis ( 5 , 8 11 ). This chronic and sometimes debilitating lung disease is characterized by coughing, shortness of breath, exhaustion, weight/appetite loss, and mild fever.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%