Sex- and age-specific associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality in 266.109 adults

Ekblom-Bak, Elin; Ekblom, Björn; Söderling, Jonas; Börjesson, Mats; Blom, Victoria; Kallings, Lena; Hemmingsson, Erik; Andersson, Gunnar; Wallin, Peter; Ekblom, Örjan

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105799

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…29 Further, even when adjusted for sedentary time, another critical risk factor for both chronic disease and mortality, 30 physical activity showed to be a reliable predictor of all-cause mortality. 31 Thus, those LTPA protective properties might contribute to diminishing the risk of LTSA, since that has been highly associated with chronic conditions 32 and early mortality 9 Because aerobic capacity (ie, maximal oxygen consumption), as well as muscular strength, has been inversely associated with, respectively, cardiovascular disease morbidity 33 and all-cause mortality among adults, 33,34 the LTSA risk might decrease when performing either endurance or strength training during leisure. Therefore, encouraging workers to move more as a general notion, regardless of the type of physical activity, might contribute to reducing LTSA levels in a general population of workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High leisure‐time physical activity reduces the risk of long‐term sickness absence

López‐Bueno

Vinstrup

Andersen

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Objectives This study examined the association of leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) with the risk of long‐term sickness absence (LTSA). Methods A total of 10 427 subjects from the general working population in Denmark answered questions about physical activity habits, health and work environment in the 2010 Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (DWECS). Data on LTSA (≥6 consecutive weeks during 2‐year follow‐up) were obtained from the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization (DREAM). Cox regression analysis censored for competing events and adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex, BMI, smoking habits, depression, cancer, back diseases, previous LTSA, occupational social class, and psychosocial work environment) estimated the association between the predictor (LTPA) and the outcome variable (LTSA). During the 2‐year follow‐up period, 9.2% of the studied population experienced LTSA. Results In the general working population, moderate LTPA was not associated with LTSA (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.72‐1.09), while high LTPA showed a tendency (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59‐1.01). In subgroup analyses, women below the age of 45 years with high LTPA showed a significantly lower risk of LTSA when compared with their low LTPA counterparts (HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25‐0.78). Conclusion The results suggest that high levels of physical activity during leisure are associated with a lowered risk of LTSA, especially among younger women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High leisure‐time physical activity reduces the risk of long‐term sickness absence

López‐Bueno

Vinstrup

Andersen

2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…This indicates that the result from the present study may even underestimate the severity of the problem with unhealthy sleep habits and low CRF in young Swedish adults. Sleep problems with short sleep duration in combination with reduced cardiovascular tness, in young adults, is a serious health issue especially considering that a large cohort study showed that CVD mortality was inversely related to CRF measured as VO 2 max in both women and men (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.The cross-sectional Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study.

Fernström

Fernberg

Hurtig-Wennlöf

2020

Preprint

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Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, it is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at young age. In the Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, 18-25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of the young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep habits and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. Additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk to develop CVD later in life. Methods: The participants have previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results: In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties to fall asleep or experiences anxious sleep with several awakenings per night. The experienced anxious sleep was not related to higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and sleep duration was correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat %, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR) (P<0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) was observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who needs counselling about a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.

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“…These findings are only partly in line with previous investigations relying on self-reported estimates of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Lack of exercise and too much sedentary time are both major causes of chronic disease [48], and aerobic fitness is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality [49]. Still, the results of the present study emphasize that aerobic fitness and physical activity behaviors are partly independent correlates of cognitive functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Device-Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness Are Independent Correlates of Cognitive Performance in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults—Results from the SCAPIS Pilot Study

Ekblom

Börjesson

et al. 2019

IJERPH

Self Cite

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High aerobic fitness, more moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and less sedentary behavior (SED) have all been suggested to promote cognitive functions, but it is unclear whether they are independent predictors of specific cognitive domains. This study aimed to investigate to what extent aerobic fitness MVPA and SED are independently associated with cognitive performance among middle-aged Swedish adults. We acquired device-based measures of aerobic fitness, cognitive performance and percent daily time spent in MVPA and SED in Swedish adults (n = 216; 54–66 years old). Aerobic fitness was associated with better performance at one out of two tests of speed/attention and one out of four tests of executive attention, and with worse performance at one of seven tests of memory. Increasing %MVPA was associated with better performance at one out of seven tests of memory and two out of three tests of verbal ability, whereas increasing %SED was associated with better performance at all four tests of executive attention and four out of seven tests of memory. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness, %MVPA and %SED are partly independent correlates of cognitive performance. To fully understand the association between SED and performance at several tests of cognitive function, future investigations might attempt to investigate intellectually engaging SED (such as reading books) separately from mentally undemanding SED (such as watching TV).

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Sex- and age-specific associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality in 266.109 adults

Cited by 64 publications

References 29 publications

High leisure‐time physical activity reduces the risk of long‐term sickness absence

High leisure‐time physical activity reduces the risk of long‐term sickness absence

The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.The cross-sectional Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study.

Device-Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness Are Independent Correlates of Cognitive Performance in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults—Results from the SCAPIS Pilot Study

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