Sex and Gender Determinants of Vascular Disease in the Global Context

Dev, Rubee; Adams, Aubrey Manack; Raparelli, Valeria; Norris, Colleen M.; Pilote, Louise

doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2022.05.025

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…This study found evidence of a protective effect of EA on VV, VTE, and phlebitis, partially supporting the findings of observational studies suggesting a protective effect of higher EA on vascular disease. 10 In the pathway of the protective effect of EA against the three diseases, which was partially mediated by obesity-related traits, waist circumference emerged as the primary mediator, while the contribution of hip circumference in the protective effect against phlebitis was similar. However, after adjusting for multiple mediating variables, it became evident that hip circumference played a more significant role in this pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…8 Lower educational attainment (EA) and socioeconomic status have been found to be associated with an increased risk of vascular disease (such as VTE 9 ) in a global context. 10 Observational studies have suggested that higher EA was protective against obesity 11 and obesity-related traits such as body mass index, 12,13 waist circumference, 14,15 and waistto-hip ratio, 15,16 and was also independently associated with the basal metabolic rate 17 and that there may be an interconnection between these traits as well. [16][17][18] Obesity was considered the risk factor for VV due to its contribution to elevated central venous pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity-Related Traits Mediate the Effects of Educational Attainment on the Risk of Varicose Veins, Venous Thromboembolism, and Phlebitis

Du,

Deng

2024

Thromb Haemost

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Background The extent to which educational attainment (EA) influences the risk of varicose veins (VVs), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and phlebitis occurrence, whether this pathway is mediated by obesity-related traits, and the proportion of their mediation is unknown. Methods A Mendelian randomization (MR) design was used to genetically investigate the causal effects of EA on the risk of VV, VTE, and phlebitis and to assess the mediating effect of obesity-related traits. Causal effects were estimated using primarily the multiplicative random-effects inverse variance-weighted method. This was supplemented by Cochran's Q-statistic, MR–Egger regression, MR funnel plots, and leave-one-out test to evaluate the reliability of the results. For the individual mediation effect, the coefficient product method was mainly utilized to estimate. Results An increase in genetically predicted EA was associated with a lower risk of VV, VTE, and phlebitis, as well as lower body mass index, basal metabolic rate, hip circumference, and waist circumference. As genetically predicted body mass index, basal metabolic rate, hip circumference, and waist circumference increased, the risk of developing VV, VTE, and phlebitis increased, respectively. Body mass index, basal metabolic rate, hip circumference, and waist circumference were identified as mediators of the protective effects of EA on VV, VTE, and phlebitis. Conclusion The findings support a causal relationship between higher EA and lower risk of VV, VTE, and phlebitis. Obesity-related traits play a significant mediating role in these pathways, and there are interactions between them, with hip circumference mediating these pathways relatively independently from the other three.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Related Traits Mediate the Effects of Educational Attainment on the Risk of Varicose Veins, Venous Thromboembolism, and Phlebitis

Du,

Deng

2024

Thromb Haemost

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“…Sex differences in IHD mortality trends have gradually emerged, especially in lower-income countries [ 59 , 60 ]. In this study, we found that risks from smoking, a diet high in sodium, and particulate matter pollution were greater in male than female individuals globally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Global, Regional, and National Time Trends and Associated Risk Factors of the Mortality in Ischemic Heart Disease Through Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study: Population-Based Study

Shu,

Tang,

et al. 2024

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death among noncommunicable diseases worldwide, but data on current epidemiological patterns and associated risk factors are lacking. Objective This study assessed the global, regional, and national trends in IHD mortality and attributable risks since 1990. Methods Mortality data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. We used an age-period-cohort model to calculate longitudinal age curves (expected longitudinal age-specific rate), net drift (overall annual percentage change), and local drift (annual percentage change in each age group) from 15 to >95 years of age and estimate cohort and period effects between 1990 and 2019. Deaths from IHD attributable to each risk factor were estimated on the basis of risk exposure, relative risks, and theoretical minimum risk exposure level. Results IHD is the leading cause of death in noncommunicable disease–related mortality (118.1/598.8, 19.7%). However, the age-standardized mortality rate for IHD decreased by 30.8% (95% CI –34.83% to –27.17%) over the past 30 years, and its net drift ranged from –2.89% (95% CI –3.07% to –2.71%) in high sociodemographic index (SDI) region to –0.24% (95% CI –0.32% to –0.16%) in low-middle–SDI region. The greatest decrease in IHD mortality occurred in the Republic of Korea (high SDI) with net drift –6.06% (95% CI –6.23% to –5.88%), followed by 5 high-SDI nations (Denmark, Norway, Estonia, the Netherlands, and Ireland) and 2 high-middle–SDI nations (Israel and Bahrain) with net drift less than –5.00%. Globally, age groups of >60 years continued to have the largest proportion of IHD-related mortality, with slightly higher mortality in male than female group. For period and birth cohort effects, the trend of rate ratios for IHD mortality declined across successive period groups from 2000 to 2004 and birth cohort groups from 1985 to 2000, with noticeable improvements in high-SDI regions. In low-SDI regions, IHD mortality significantly declined in female group but fluctuated in male group across successive periods; sex differences were greater in those born after 1945 in middle- and low-middle–SDI regions and after 1970 in low-SDI regions. Metabolic risks were the leading cause of mortality from IHD worldwide in 2019. Moreover, smoking, particulate matter pollution, and dietary risks were also important risk factors, increasingly occurring at a younger age. Diets low in whole grains and legumes were prominent dietary risks in both male and female groups, and smoking and high-sodium diet mainly affect male group. Conclusions IHD, a major concern, needs focused health care attention, especially for older male individuals and those in low-SDI regions. Metabolic risks should be prioritized for prevention, and behavioral and environmental risks should attract more attention to decrease IHD mortality.

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“…Men and women differ substantially in terms of cardiovascular disease prevalence, presentation, management, and outcomes (Bello et al 2022). However, to date, little is known about why cardiovascular disease has differential effects in women and men (Dev et al 2022; Longpré-Poirier et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Analysis Between Six Air Pollutants and Emergency Visit Rate in Shandong, China

Zhao,

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Although air pollution has improved, instances of extreme weather pollution have been observed. Impacts of air pollution on the human body have become a significant focus of research. Purpose Previous research primarily focused on selecting specific pollutants as exposure factors or investigating the association with mortality. This study intends to examine the correlation between exposure to six national standard pollutants (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, Particulate matter with particle size below 10 microns, Particulate matter with particle size below 2.5 microns) and visiting rate. The findings will provide valuable insights for optimizing hospital resource allocation based on air quality conditions. Method In this study, a generalized additive model based on Poisson distribution was employed and the full pollution model, single pollution lag model, and gender-stratified single pollution lag model were utilized to analyze the effects of six pollutants exposure on the visiting rate, delayed visiting rate and the male to female ratio. The study was conducted in Shandong Province, China. Result The exposure of PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 was positively correlated with the visiting rate of the population in Jinan, different departments have different sensitivity to pollutants. The exposure to all six pollutants exhibited a noticeable lag effect on the visiting rate in the hospital. However, the optimal lag period of pollutants varied across different departments and differed to some extent between different genders. In general, women were more sensitive to the effects of pollutant exposure, specifically to PM10, SO2, PM2.5, and NO2, than men.

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Sex and Gender Determinants of Vascular Disease in the Global Context

Cited by 7 publications

References 100 publications

Obesity-Related Traits Mediate the Effects of Educational Attainment on the Risk of Varicose Veins, Venous Thromboembolism, and Phlebitis

Obesity-Related Traits Mediate the Effects of Educational Attainment on the Risk of Varicose Veins, Venous Thromboembolism, and Phlebitis

Assessing Global, Regional, and National Time Trends and Associated Risk Factors of the Mortality in Ischemic Heart Disease Through Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study: Population-Based Study

Correlation Analysis Between Six Air Pollutants and Emergency Visit Rate in Shandong, China

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