Sex and Gender Differences in Migraine—Evaluating Knowledge Gaps

Schroeder, Rachel A.; Brandes, Jan Lewis; Buse, Dawn C.; Calhoun, Anne H.; Eikermann-Haerter, Katharina; Golden, Katie; Halker, Rashmi B.; Kempner, Joanna; Maleki, Nasim; Moriarty, Maureen; Pavlović, Jelena; Shapiro, Robert E.; Starling, Amaal J.; Young, William B.; Nebel, Rebecca A.

doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7274

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…A female predominance of migraine was found in our study. Some cohort studies estimate that in a lifetime, the prevalence of migraine in women is between 33 and 43% while it is 18% in men with a statistically significant difference [25,31]. These results agree with those reported in the literature, where migraine is designated as a predominantly female pathology [4,8,14,15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Prevalence and Profile of Migraine Patients in Brazzaville, Congo

Macaire¹,

Armel²,

Stéphanie³

et al. 2019

AJPN

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Migraine is a chronic disease evolving through recurrent seizures; it constitutes a frequent reason of consultation in neurology. Epidemiological data on migraine in the world are available, but no study has been conducted in general population in Congo. To determinate the prevalence of migraine in population of Brazzaville, we conducted a prospective cross-sectional, door-to-door study. This study took place from March 1 st to July 31 st , 2018, in the city of Brazzaville. Regarding all subjects over 18 years old, living in Brazzaville for over ten years. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software for Mac. The prevalence of migraine was 11,3% in Brazzaville, with 6% definite migraine and 5,3% of probable migraine. Women are more affected than men respectively 63,5% and 36,5%. Migraine without aura is more common than migraine with aura. Migraine is a public health problem because of its prevalence. Its affects the young adult and more preferably the woman The knowledge of the epidemiology of migraine in Brazzaville will lead to better awareness-raising actions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The mean age of onset of migraine in our subjects was 26.1 ± 10.3 years, with a median age of 6.1 years. Migraine is indeed the prerogative of the young adult, especially second and third decade with a peak prevalence between 30 and 39 years [35,36]. In women, the prevalence peak is bimodal: at 25 ± 8.6 and 50 ± 15.8 years [13,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Profile of Migraine Patients in Brazzaville, Congo

Macaire¹,

Armel²,

Stéphanie³

et al. 2019

AJPN

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“…The role of gender and sexual hormones in migraine and migraine chronification has been extensively studied [21]. Several studies have also evaluated the relationship between BMI and migraine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3): A Molecular Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Migraine

Domínguez-Vivero

Leira

López-Ferreiro

et al. 2020

JCM

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Even though endothelial dysfunction is known to play a role in migraine pathophysiology, studies regarding levels of endothelial biomarkers in migraine have controversial results. Our aim was to evaluate the role of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and soluble tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) as potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in chronic migraine (CM). We performed a case-control study including 102 CM patients and 28 control subjects and measured serum levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction (PTX3 and sTWEAK) and inflammation [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] as well as brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) during interictal periods. Interictal serum levels of PTX3 and sTWEAK were higher in CM patients than in controls (1350.6 ± 54.8 versus 476.1 ± 49.4 pg/mL, p < 0.001 and 255.7 ± 21.1 versus 26.4 ± 2.6 pg/mL, p < 0.0001; respectively). FMD was diminished in CM patients compared to controls (9.6 ± 0.6 versus 15.2 ± 0.9%, p < 0.001). Both PTX3 and sTWEAK were negatively correlated with FMD (r = −0.508, p < 0.001 and r = −0.188, p = 0.033; respectively). After adjustment of confounders, PTX3 remained significantly correlated to FMD (r = −0.250, p = 0.013). Diagnosis of CM was 68.4 times more likely in an individual with levels of PTX3 ≥ 832.5 pg/mL, suggesting that PTX3 could be a novel biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in CM.

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“…Previous reviews have provided extensive narrative overviews of the available evidence regarding sex differences in migraine, considering both preclinical/biological as well as clinical aspects (11,14,15). However, a systematized search of the literature, to our knowledge, has not yet been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giving Researchers a Headache – Sex and Gender Differences in Migraine

et al. 2020

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Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder affecting ∼15% of the general population. Ranking second in the list of years lived with disability (YLD), people living with migraine are greatly impacted by this especially burdensome primary headache disorder. In ∼30% of individuals with migraine, transient neurological symptoms occur (migraine aura) that further increase migraine burden. However, migraine burden is differential with respect to sex. Though one-year prevalences in childhood are similar, starting with puberty, migraine incidence increases at a much higher rate in females than males. Thus, migraine over the life course occurs in women three to four times more often than in men. Attacks are also more severe in women, leading to greater disability and a longer recovery period. The sex disparity in migraine is believed to be partly mediated through fluctuations in ovarian steroid hormones, especially estrogen and progesterone, although the exact mechanisms are not yet completely understood. The release of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), followed by activation of the trigeminovascular system, is thought to play a key role in the migraine pathophysiology. Given the burden of migraine and its disproportionate distribution, the underlying cause(s) for the observed differences between sexes in the incidence, frequency, and intensity of migraine attacks must be better understood. Relevant biological as well as behavioral differences must be taken into account. To evaluate the scope of the existing knowledge on the issue of biological sex as well as gender differences in migraine, we conducted a systematized review of the currently available research. The review seeks to harmonize existing knowledge on the topic across the domains of biological/preclinical, clinical, and population-level research, which are traditionally synthesized and interpreted in isolation. Ultimately, we identify knowledge gaps and set priorities for further interdisciplinary and informed research on sex and gender differences as well as gender-specific therapies in migraine.

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Sex and Gender Differences in Migraine—Evaluating Knowledge Gaps

Cited by 47 publications

References 89 publications

Prevalence and Profile of Migraine Patients in Brazzaville, Congo

Prevalence and Profile of Migraine Patients in Brazzaville, Congo

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3): A Molecular Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Migraine

Giving Researchers a Headache – Sex and Gender Differences in Migraine

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