Sex and Gender Roles in Relation to Mental Health and Allostatic Load

Juster, Robert‐Paul; Pruessner, Jens C.; Desrochers, Alexandra Bisson; Bourdon, Olivier; Durand, Nadia; Wan, Nathalie; Tourjman, Valérie; Kouassi, Édouard; Lesage, Alain; Lupien, Sonia J.

doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000351

Cited by 95 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This is intriguing but divergent from the one other existing study to examine momentary PA and inflammation, which found a connection (in the same direction) for women only (Steptoe et al, 2008). Gender interactions such as these likely relate to complex socialized phenomena (which can vary by sample), in addition to physiological differences between men and women (Darnall & Suarez, 2009; Justeret al, 2016). Additional research structured around understanding the role of gender and other individual differences that may relate to the connection between PA and inflammation is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative and positive affect as predictors of inflammation: Timing matters

Graham‐Engeland

Sin

Smyth

et al. 2018

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Very little research has assessed how measures of negative and positive affect (NA and PA) derived from assessments at multiple time points per day (e.g., via ecological momentary assessment [EMA]), as opposed to questionnaires that rely on recall over a longer period, are related to levels of peripheral inflammation. We examined how different indicators of NA and PA predicted concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and seven peripheral inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ) that were examined in the form of an inflammatory composite. A community-based sample of 220 adults (62% Black/African-American and 25% Hispanic/Latino; aged 25-65; 65% female) completed questionnaires at baseline (including recalled affect "over the past month") and then provided EMA reports 5x/day for 14 days. Blood was drawn from each participant after completion of EMA and used to determine plasma levels of CRP and cytokines. Analyses examined if indicators of affect predicted inflammation, controlling for age, gender, body mass index, education, health conditions, and statin use. Neither recalled NA or PA nor momentary NA or PA (aggregated across the 14 days of EMA) were significantly associated with the cytokine composite or CRP. Negative mood more proximal to the blood draw (i.e., aggregated momentary NA in week 2 of EMA) was associated with the cytokine composite but not CRP. Exploratory moderation analyses revealed that the cytokine composite was also associated with PA in week 2 for men only, and with recalled NA for those with lower education. Exploratory analyses around temporal dynamics suggested that the timing of NA measurement relative to the blood draw mattered: Specifically, there were stronger trends of association between momentary NA and inflammatory cytokines when NA was assessed closer in time to blood collection. Future investigation of the relevance of temporal proximity and other measurement details may improve understanding of how affect relates to inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative and positive affect as predictors of inflammation: Timing matters

Graham‐Engeland

Sin

Smyth

et al. 2018

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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“…This may indicate that despite the lowered feelings of GD, there is still some body dissatisfaction (e.g., because someone socially transitioned without medical interventions). There is increasing discussion in the fields of psychosomatic and behavioral medicine about differences between biological sex versus gender roles in predicting disease risk factors and treatment outcomes ( 29 , 30 ). Although hormone and surgical treatments showed to improve psychological measures in our population, gender roles ( 29 ) and sexual orientation ( 31 ) have been described to directly affect mental health as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Medical Interventions on Gender Dysphoria and Body Image: A Follow-Up Study

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence is to investigate the status of all individuals who had applied for gender confirming interventions from 2007 to 2009, irrespective of whether they received treatment. The current article describes the study protocol, the effect of medical treatment on gender dysphoria and body image, and the predictive value of (pre)treatment factors on posttreatment outcomes.MethodsData were collected on medical interventions, transition status, gender dysphoria (Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale), and body image (Body Image Scale for transsexuals). In total, 201 people participated in the study (37% of the original cohort).ResultsAt follow-up, 29 participants (14%) did not receive medical interventions, 36 hormones only (18%), and 136 hormones and surgery (68%). Most transwomen had undergone genital surgery, and most transmen chest surgery. Overall, the levels of gender dysphoria and body dissatisfaction were significantly lower at follow-up compared with clinical entry. Satisfaction with therapy responsive and unresponsive body characteristics both improved. High dissatisfaction at admission and lower psychological functioning at follow-up were associated with persistent body dissatisfaction.ConclusionsHormone-based interventions and surgery were followed by improvements in body satisfaction. The level of psychological symptoms and the degree of body satisfaction at baseline were significantly associated with body satisfaction at follow-up.

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“…From responses to these questions, we estimated a scale which ranged from 0 (most masculine labor market role) to 13 (most feminine labor market role). This approach to defining gender is consistent with previous studies . The scale was divided into quartiles; the first quartile corresponding to masculine gender roles, the fourth quartile corresponding to feminine gender roles, and the second and third quartiles corresponding to intermediate gender roles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dissecting the effect of workplace exposures on workers’ rating of psychological health and safety

Ramkissoon

Smith

Oudyk

2019

American J Industrial Med

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ObjectivesTo validate the factor structure of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) in a North American population and dissect the associations between psychosocial factors and workplace psychological health and safety.MethodsConfirmatory factor analysis and multivariate linear regression were used to determine the associations between COPSOQ dimensions and a global rating of workplace psychological health and safety. Models were stratified by sex, gender roles, and age.ResultsThe COPSOQ factor structure was verified among Canadian workers. Three factors were found to significantly contribute to the global rating of the psychological health and safety for all workers. Few differences were observed across sex, gender roles, and age.ConclusionsThis study identified dimensions of the psychosocial work environment that are strongly associated with the global rating of workplace psychological health and safety. Using a standardized questionnaire like the COPSOQ allows for comparisons over time, between different industries, and worker populations.

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Sex and Gender Roles in Relation to Mental Health and Allostatic Load

Abstract: Beyond providing psychobiological evidence for Bem's theory, this study highlights how sex-specific AL formulations detect the effects of sociocultural gender.

Cited by 95 publications

References 68 publications

Negative and positive affect as predictors of inflammation: Timing matters

Negative and positive affect as predictors of inflammation: Timing matters

Effects of Medical Interventions on Gender Dysphoria and Body Image: A Follow-Up Study

Dissecting the effect of workplace exposures on workers’ rating of psychological health and safety

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