Sex as a Biological Variable in Emergency Medicine Research and Clinical Practice: A Brief Narrative Review

McGregor, Alyson J.; Beauchamp, Gillian A.; Wira, Charles; Perman, Sarah M.; Safdar, Basmah

doi:10.5811/westjem.2017.8.34997

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Gender-specific healthcare will need to cope not only with clinical-epidemiological aspects, but also with education and preparedness of hospitals, healthcare professionals and the entire healthcare ecosystem. This implies that concepts of sex and gender health should be embedded into medical curricula related to education, training and professionalism of current and future healthcare professionals[ 221 ], as well as emergency medicine education[ 222 ], in light of the important implications of gender for changing the clinical practice of emergency care[ 223 ]. A global action initiative was convened as a workshop to assemble the available knowledge on gender-sensitive public health and identify structural influences on practice implementation, resulting in the definition of overarching implementation strategies and principles[ 224 ].…”

Section: A Broad and Integrative Approach To Evidence-based Gender-omentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Machluf

Chaiter

Tal

2020

WJCC

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Gender-specific differences in the prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, prognosis, severity, risk factors, drug-related aspects and outcomes of various medical conditions are well documented. We present a literature review on the extent to which research in this field has developed over the years, and reveal gaps in gender-sensitive awareness between the clinical portrayal and the translation into gender-specific treatment regimens, guidelines and into gender-oriented preventive strategies and health policies. Subsequently, through the lens of gender, we describe these domains in detail for four selected medical conditions: Asthma, obesity and overweight, chronic kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019. As some of the key gender differences become more apparent during adolescence, we focus on this developmental stage. Finally, we propose a model which is based on three influential issues: (1) Investigating gender-specific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (2) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (3) An integrative approach which takes into account additional risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, lifestyle habits etc .). Increasing the awareness of gender-specific medicine in daily practice and in tailored guidelines, already among adolescents, may reduce inequities, facilitate the prediction of future trends and properly address the characteristics and needs of certain subpopulations within each gender.

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Section: A Broad and Integrative Approach To Evidence-based Gender-omentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Machluf

Chaiter

Tal

2020

WJCC

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“…Sex-specific medication dosing is already recommended for drugs such as zolpidem and desmopressin [ 24 , 25 ], and many physiologic parameters differ by sex [ 9 ]. As the body of evidence grows in favor of sex- and gender-specific pathophysiologic mechanisms, the management of patients for a variety of health conditions will need to keep pace with the changing nature of science [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of online learning on health researcher capacity to appropriately integrate sex, gender, or both in grant proposals

Tannenbaum

Hoof

2018

Biol Sex Differ

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BackgroundTo describe the effectiveness of online learning to augment academic capacity to consider sex and gender in the conduct of basic science, clinical research, and population health studies.MethodThe analysis compares pre- and post-test scores from 1441 individuals who completed the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Gender and Health’s interactive e-learning modules between February 2016 and May 2017. The tests measured knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-reported intent to change behavior for three competencies: (1) the ability to appropriately define and distinguish between sex-related versus gender-related variables, (2) the application of methods for integrating sex and gender, and (3) the critical appraisal of sex and gender integration in the design, methods, and analysis plan of research proposals and publications.ResultsOf the 543 individuals who completed the basic science module, 62% demonstrated improved knowledge, and 86% increased self-efficacy across all competencies. Gains in knowledge and self-efficacy also occurred among 84% and 77% of completers of the human data collection module (n = 463) and among 73% and 82% of those who completed the secondary data analysis module (n = 435). In aggregate, 95% of participants reported an intent to change their behavior with respect to sex and gender in health research.ConclusionsInteractive online learning combined with feedback and self-assessment results in improved knowledge and self-efficacy for integrating sex and gender in health research.

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“…Women more often define their pain as "tight" or a "dull ache," whereas men describe their pain as "stabbing" [5]. Women also often describe a cluster of symptoms compared to a "classic angina," meaning that their symptoms may often be mistaken for other illnesses because of a varied presentation [9]. Furthermore, smoking and diabetes are more sensitive risk factors of about two-fold in women compared to men.…”

Section: Figure 2: Sex-based Differences In Symptom Presentation For Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Based Differences in the Presentation of Myocardial Infarction

Mayfield¹,

Gill²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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The authors report a case of a middle-aged female presenting with a chief complaint of shoulder pain. Workup revealed a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The typical symptoms of myocardial infarction and the evaluation of a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are discussed. The authors highlight the sex-based differences in the presentation of myocardial infarction and remind us to keep a broad differential and consider atypical presentations.

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Sex as a Biological Variable in Emergency Medicine Research and Clinical Practice: A Brief Narrative Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 103 publications

Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy

Effectiveness of online learning on health researcher capacity to appropriately integrate sex, gender, or both in grant proposals

Sex-Based Differences in the Presentation of Myocardial Infarction

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