Sex-based assessment of nutrient composition in fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F)

Abstract

Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F), is an under-utilized leafy vegetable cultivated and consumed for its valuable nutrients and minerals playing a crucial role in combating micronutrient deficiencies. This shrub is dioecious, exhibiting distinct differences in sexual morphology. The study aims to contrast the phytochemicals, physico-chemical and mineral profiles of the female and male fluted pumpkin leaves. Seedlings of fluted pumpkin were evaluated at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Fresh leaves were harvested at flowering from identified male and female vines for nutrient composition analysis. Beta-carotene, sodium and fibre content were notably higher in female leaves, whereas vitamin C, minerals, and anti-nutrients were more abundant in the male leaves. The concentrations of phenolic, flavonoid, vitamin C, tannin, saponin, and certain minerals emerged as the most influential factors for distinguishing between the sexes. Hence, leaves from both sexes can contribute to an enhanced diet as both sexes harbor valuable genetic traits that could be harnessed for the nutrient improvement of fluted pumpkin varieties.