Sex-Based Differences in Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Targeted Therapy for Advanced Melanoma: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Kooij, Monique K. Van der; Dekkers, Olaf M.; Aarts, Maureen J.B.; Berkmortel, Franchette W P J van den; Boers‐Sonderen, Marye J.; Groot, Jan Willem B. de; Hospers, Geke A.P.; Piersma, Djura; Rijn, Rozemarijn S. van; Suijkerbuijk, Karijn P M; Westgeest, Hans M.; Veldt, Astrid A.M. van der; Vreugdenhil, Gerard; Wilgenhof, Sofie; Wouters, Michel W. J. M.; Haanen, John B.A.G.; Eertwegh, A.J.M. van den

doi:10.3390/cancers13184639

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In recent years, multiple meta-analyses have been published investigating the sex-dependent magnitude of benefit following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibition. The first study showed that men have more benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition, including anti-PD-1 [3], whereas the latter three showed no difference in efficacy and overall survival [4][5][6]. Our study supports the findings that sex on itself is not a predictor for response to anti-PD-1 treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Failure to validate existing clinical prediction scale for response to PD-1 monotherapy in advanced melanoma in national cohort study

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Failure to validate existing clinical prediction scale for response to PD-1 monotherapy in advanced melanoma in national cohort study

et al. 2022

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“…Sex differences in expression of ICs are important because they can lead to differences in responses to ICI treatment. Studies have reported differences in immunogenic missense mutation load, treatment response (durable clinical benefit), and survival between males and females in lung cancer [ 192 ] and melanoma [ 193 194 ]. In the case of CRC, there are lack of data on sex difference so far, and further studies on sex differences will be needed to predict treatment response as ICI treatment is expected to be activated in the future.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Difference of Colon Adenoma Pathway and Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Choi,

Kim

2024

World J Mens Health

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer morbidity in both sexes but shows sex differences. First, sex-specific differences in tumor recurrence and survival rates have been reported. For example, the development of CRC is found about 1.5 times higher and 4–8 years earlier in males compared to females, suggesting the protective role of estrogen in the disease. Furthermore, female patients have a higher risk of developing right-sided (proximal) colon cancer than male patients, which is known to have more aggressive clinical character compared to left-sided (distal) colon cancer. That is, left and right CRCs show differences in carcinogenic mechanism, that the chromosomal instability pathway is more common in left colon cancer while the microsatellite instability and serrated pathways are more common in right colon cancer. It is thought that there are sex-based differences on the background of carcinogenesis of CRC. Sex differences of CRC have two aspects, sexual dimorphism (biological differences in hormones and genes) and gender differences (non-biological differences in societal attitudes and behavior). Recently, sex difference of colon adenoma pathway and sexual dimorphism in the biology of gene and protein expression, and in endocrine cellular signaling in the CRC carcinogenesis have been accumulated. In addition, behavioral patterns can lead to differences in exposure to risk factors such as drinking or smoking, diet and physical activity. Therefore, understanding sex/gender-related biological and sociocultural differences in CRC risk will help in providing strategies for screening, treatment and prevention protocols to reduce the mortality and improve the quality of life. In this review, sex/gender differences in colon adenoma pathway and various aspects such as clinicopathological, biological, molecular, and socio-cultural aspects of CRC were described.

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“…These data were also confirmed in a separate cohort of 95 melanoma patients in which missense variants were 293 and 259 for male and female patients, respectively. As far as specific BRAF mutations concern, Van der Kooij and colleagues [ 34 ] analyzed 3985 patients with advanced melanoma: BRAF V600E mutation was more frequent in women (46% females versus 36% males) in all age groups analyzed; on the other hand, BRAF V600K mutation was prevalent in male patients (8% males versus 4% females) regardless of age. Lokhandwala et al [ 35 ] did not find a statistically significant association between specific BRAF mutations and gender, though they confirmed a higher incidence of BRAF V600K mutation in male patients.…”

Section: Braf Mutations As Key Players Of Genetic Instability In Mela...mentioning

confidence: 99%

BRAF Mutations in Melanoma: Biological Aspects, Therapeutic Implications, and Circulating Biomarkers

Castellani

Buccarelli

Arasi

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer resulting from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Recent therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have improved the prognosis and outcome of melanoma patients. BRAF is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes recognised in melanoma. The most frequent oncogenic BRAF mutations consist of a single point mutation at codon 600 (mostly V600E) that leads to constitutive activation of the BRAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signalling pathway. Therefore, mutated BRAF has become a useful target for molecular therapy and the use of BRAF kinase inhibitors has shown promising results. However, several resistance mechanisms invariably develop leading to therapeutic failure. The aim of this manuscript is to review the role of BRAF mutational status in the pathogenesis of melanoma and its impact on differentiation and inflammation. Moreover, this review focuses on the mechanisms responsible for resistance to targeted therapies in BRAF-mutated melanoma and provides an overview of circulating biomarkers including circulating tumour cells, circulating tumour DNA, and non-coding RNAs.

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Sex-Based Differences in Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Targeted Therapy for Advanced Melanoma: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Failure to validate existing clinical prediction scale for response to PD-1 monotherapy in advanced melanoma in national cohort study

Failure to validate existing clinical prediction scale for response to PD-1 monotherapy in advanced melanoma in national cohort study

Sex Difference of Colon Adenoma Pathway and Colorectal Carcinogenesis

BRAF Mutations in Melanoma: Biological Aspects, Therapeutic Implications, and Circulating Biomarkers

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