Sex bias in alcohol research: A 20-year comparative study

Li, Mianhuan; Qu, Yibo; Zhong, Jiajun; Che, Zhaodi; Xiao, Junjie; Wang, Fei; Xiao, Jia

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100939

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…Other funding agencies subsequently followed their lead. Despite these efforts, the scientific literature continues to be full of examples of male sex bias in animal research [5], especially in the fields of pain management [23], cardiovascular disease [24,25], diabetes mellitus [25], alcohol-related diseases [26], and development of surgical methods [27]. Potentially equally damaging to scientific rigor and reproducibility, it was also common to not report sex at all during this time, as occurred in upwards of 25% of published animals studies and 76% of cell culture studies [27].…”

Section: How Did Sex Bias Develop and How Pervasive Is It?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking the Adverse Impacts of Sex Bias on Science and Research Animal Welfare

Nunamaker,

Turner

2023

Animals

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Sex bias in biomedical and natural science research has been prevalent for decades. In many cases, the female estrous cycle was thought to be too complex an issue to model for, and it was thought to be simpler to only use males in studies. At times, particularly when studying efficacy and safety of new therapeutics, this sex bias has resulted in over- and under-medication with associated deleterious side effects in women. Many sex differences have been recognized that are unrelated to hormonal variation occurring during the estrous cycle. Sex bias also creates animal welfare challenges related to animal over-production and wastage, insufficient consideration of welfare (and scientific) impact related to differential housing of male vs female animals within research facilities, and a lack of understanding regarding differential requirements for pain recognition and alleviation in male versus female animals. Although many funding and government agencies require both sexes to be studied in biomedical research, many disparities remain in practice. This requires further enforcement of expectations by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee when reviewing protocols, research groups when writing grants, planning studies, and conducting research, and scientific journals and reviewers to ensure that sex bias policies are enforced.

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