Sex Chromosome Complement and Gonadal Sex Influence Aggressive and Parental Behaviors in Mice

Gatewood, Jessica; Wills, Aileen; Shetty, Savera R. J.; Xu, Jun; Arnold, Arthur P.; Burgoyne, Paul S.; Rissman, Emilie F.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3743-05.2006

Cited by 223 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Digging, an asocial behavior, was demonstrated more rapidly and for a longer period of time by XX females than all other mice, however, the only significant difference was with XXSry mice. These differences between the XX females and the other mice, are consistent with our previous aggression and parental behavior findings (Gatewood et al, 2006) in which XX females stood out from the other three genotypes. In those tests, XX females treated with testosterone were slower to attack an intruder, and with intact gonads XX females were faster to retrieve, and retrieved more pups than mice in the three other groups (XY − , XXSry, and XY − Sry).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Development and production of the four core genotype (FCG) mouse model has been described previously (De Vries et al, 2002;Gatewood et al, 2006). Briefly, the cross uses males carrying a 129/SvEv-Gpi1 c Y chromosome (Simpson et al, 1997) with an 11 kb deletion removing the testis-determining gene Sry (Gubbay et al, 1992).…”

Section: Animals and Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After each mouse, the shuttle box was thoroughly rinsed with water and ethyl alcohol. Social interaction-A resident-intruder paradigm (Gatewood et al, 2006) was used to assess social interactions. Three to 5 days before testing, social experience was given with an ovary-intact C57BL/6J female that was placed in the home cage of each mouse (n=10, XX; n=11, XY − ; n=10, XXSry; n=11, XY − Sry) for 2 min.…”

Section: Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the FCG we, and others, have identified several sexually dimorphic behaviors that can be attributed to sex chromosome complement including; parental-like responses to pups, attack latencies toward intruders, habit formation in a food reinforcement paradigm, and pain sensitivity in the tail flick and formalin tests (Gatewood et al, 2006;Gioiosa et al, 2008;Quinn et al, 2007). Some of these behaviors require activation by gonadal steroid hormones (Gatewood et al, 2006) and in other tests sex chromosome effects have been demonstrated in gonadectomized animals thus eliminating the influence of circulating steroids (Gioiosa et al, 2008;Quinn et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these behaviors require activation by gonadal steroid hormones (Gatewood et al, 2006) and in other tests sex chromosome effects have been demonstrated in gonadectomized animals thus eliminating the influence of circulating steroids (Gioiosa et al, 2008;Quinn et al, 2007). Of course, even when gonads are removed, differences in adult behavior may still be attributed to differences in gonadal hormone concentrations during development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex chromosome complement affects social interactions in mice

McPhie-Lalmansingh

Tejada

Weaver

et al. 2008

Hormones and Behavior

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Sex differences in behavior can be attributed to differences in steroid hormones. Sex chromosome complement can also influence behavior, independent of gonadal differentiation. The mice used for this work combined a spontaneous mutation of the Sry gene with a transgene for Sry that is incorporated into an autosome thus disassociating gonad differentiation from sex chromosome complement. The resulting genotypes are XX and XY − females (ovary-bearing) along with XXSry and XY − Sry males (testes-bearing). Here we report results of basic behavioral phenotyping conducted with these mice. Motor coordination, use of olfactory cues to find a food item, general activity, foot shock threshold, and behavior in an elevated plus maze were not affected by gonadal sex or sex chromosome complement. In a one-way active avoidance learning task females were faster to escape an electric shock than males. In addition, sex chromosome complement differences were noted during social interactions with submissive intruders. Female XY − mice were faster to follow an intruder than XX female mice. All XY − mice spent more time sniffing and grooming the intruder than the XX mice, with XY − females spending the most amount of time in this activity. Finally, XX females were faster to display an asocial behavior, digging, and engaged in more digging than XXSry male mice. All of these behaviors were tested in gonadectomized adults, thus, differences in circulating levels of gonadal steroids cannot account for these effects. Taken together, these data show that sex chromosome complement affects social interaction style in mice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Animals and Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sex chromosome complement affects social interactions in mice

McPhie-Lalmansingh

Tejada

Weaver

et al. 2008

Hormones and Behavior

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Gendered Development

Hines

2015

Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science

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How does human behavior come to be gendered, and how do gendered behaviors change or remain stable over time? Although men and women, as well as girls and boys, are largely similar psychologically and behaviorally, there are some areas of gender difference. These include gender identity; sexual orientation; childhood play behaviors, such as toy, playmate, and activity preferences; personality characteristics, such as aggression and empathy; and some specific spatial, mathematical, and verbal abilities. The incidence of many psychiatric disorders also differs by sex. These gender differences appear to result from numerous factors and their interactions. These include genetic information on the sex chromosomes; concentrations of gonadal steroids, particularly testosterone, before and shortly after birth; socialization by parents, peers, teachers, and strangers; and cognitive developmental processes. Gender identity also is a mechanism for acquiring gendered behavior; based on this identity, children self‐socialize gendered behavior. These factors have been shown to act individually to influence gendered outcomes. They are also likely to interact with one another to shape gender development, but little research has investigated these interactions. An understanding of gendered development is important for addressing differences between the sexes in social roles and economic status, and should also be relevant to understanding and ameliorating psychiatric disorders that differ by gender. A complete understanding will probably require developmental systems approaches to understanding change and stability over time, but, thus far, such approaches have been uncommon.

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Site of origin of and sex differences in the vasopressin innervation of the mouse (Mus musculus) brain

Rood

Stott

You

et al. 2013

J of Comparative Neurology

100

133

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Defining how arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts centrally to regulate homeostasis and behavior is problematic, as AVP is made in multiple nuclei in the hypothalamus (i.e., paraventricular [PVN], supraoptic [SON], and suprachiasmatic [SCN]) and extended amygdala (i.e., bed nucleus of the stria terminalis [BNST] and medial amygdala [MeA]), and these groups of neurons have extensive projections throughout the brain. To understand the function of AVP, it is essential to know the site of origin of various projections. In mice, we used gonadectomy to eliminate gonadal steroid hormone-dependent expression of AVP in the BNST and MeA and electrolytic lesions to eliminate the SCN, effectively eliminating those AVP-immunoreactive projections; we also quantified AVP-immunoreactive fiber density in gonadectomized and sham-operated male and female mice to examine sex differences in AVP innervation. Our results suggest that the BNST/MeA AVP system innervates regions containing major modulatory neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin and dopamine) and thus may be involved in regulating behavioral state. Furthermore, this system may be biased toward the regulation of male behavior, given the numerous regions in which males have a denser AVP-immunoreactive innervation than females. AVP from the SCN is found in regions important for the regulation of hormone output and behavior. Innervation from the PVN and SON is found in brain regions that likely work in concert with the well-known peripheral AVP actions of controlling homeostasis and stress response; female-biased sex differences in this system may be related to the heightened stress response observed in females.

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Sex Chromosome Complement and Gonadal Sex Influence Aggressive and Parental Behaviors in Mice

Cited by 223 publications

References 60 publications

Sex chromosome complement affects social interactions in mice

Sex chromosome complement affects social interactions in mice

Gendered Development

Site of origin of and sex differences in the vasopressin innervation of the mouse (Mus musculus) brain

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