Sex chromosome heteromorphism and the Fast‐X effect in poeciliids

Darolti, Iulia; Fong, Lydia J. M.; Sandkam, Benjamin A.; Metzger, David C H; Mank, Judith E.

doi:10.1111/mec.17048

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Various models have been proposed for the evolutionary history of sex chromosomes in the clade of Poeciliids encompassing P. reticulata , P. wingei , P. picta , and P. parae ( Darolti et al 2019 ; Charlesworth et al 2021a ; Fong et al 2023 ). However, all available evidence suggests that the sex chromosome arose in the ancestor to P. reticulata , P. wingei , P. picta , and P. parae , ∼20 mya ( Metzger et al 2021 ; Sandkam et al 2021 ; Darolti et al 2023 ; Fong et al 2023 ). Based on this model, extensive Y Chromosome degradation and dosage compensation evolved in the common ancestor of P. picta and P. parae after the split from P. reticulata and P. wingei .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 A). Although several phylogenetic models have been suggested for the origin of the sex chromosomes and dosage compensation in these species ( Charlesworth et al 2021a ), comparative phylogenetic and genomic methods ( Metzger et al 2021 ; Darolti et al 2023 ; Fong et al 2023 ) suggest that the sex chromosomes diverged and complete dosage compensation evolved in a short interval between 14.8 and 18.5 mya ( Fig. 1 A; Metzger et al 2021 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transposon wave remodeled the epigenomic landscape in the rapid evolution of X-Chromosome dosage compensation

Metzger,

Porter,

Mobley

et al. 2023

Genome Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sex chromosome dosage compensation is a model to understand the coordinated evolution of transcription; however, the advanced age of the sex chromosomes in model systems makes it difficult to study how the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying chromosome-wide dosage compensation can evolve. The sex chromosomes ofPoecilia pictahave undergone recent and rapid divergence, resulting in widespread gene loss on the male Y, coupled with complete X Chromosome dosage compensation, the first case reported in a fish. The recent de novo origin of dosage compensation presents a unique opportunity to understand the genetic and evolutionary basis of coordinated chromosomal gene regulation. By combining a new chromosome-level assembly ofP. pictawith whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq data, we determine that the YY1 transcription factor (YY1) DNA binding motif is associated with male-specific hypomethylated regions on the X, but not the autosomes. These YY1 motifs are the result of a recent and rapid repetitive element expansion on theP. pictaX Chromosome, which is absent in closely related species that lack dosage compensation. Taken together, our results present compelling support that a disruptive wave of repetitive element insertions carrying YY1 motifs resulted in the remodeling of the X Chromosome epigenomic landscape and the rapid de novo origin of a dosage compensation system.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transposon wave remodeled the epigenomic landscape in the rapid evolution of X-Chromosome dosage compensation

Metzger,

Porter,

Mobley

et al. 2023

Genome Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, in Sylvioidea songbirds, there is no difference in evolutionary rates between the neo-Z and autosomes (Leroy et al, 2021). Darolti et al (2023) further showed that while Faster-X correlates with hemizygosity in various species of poeciliid fishes, no evidence of increased drift or differences in divergence rates could be detected between diploid X chromosomes and their respective autosomes. Therefore, the broad relevance of the Slower-X effect in taxa with young sex-linked regions is still to be fully explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evidence of a Slower-Z effect inSchistosoma japonicum

Mrnjavac,

Vicoso

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sex-linked and autosomal loci experience different selective pressures and evolutionary dynamics. X (or Z) chromosomes are often hemizygous, as Y (or W) chromosomes often degenerate. Such hemizygous regions can be under greater efficacy of selection, as recessive mutations are immediately exposed to selection in the heterogametic sex (the so-called Faster-X or Faster-Z effect). However, in young non-recombining regions, Y/W chromosomes often have many functional genes, and many X/Z-linked loci are therefore diploid. The sheltering of recessive mutations on the X/Z by the Y/W homolog is expected to drive a Slower-X (Slower-Z) effect for diploid X/Z loci, i.e. a reduction in the efficacy of selection. While the Faster-X effect has been studied extensively, much less is known empirically about the evolutionary dynamics of diploid X or Z chromosomes. Here, we took advantage of published population genomic data in the female-heterogametic human parasiteSchistosoma japonicumto characterize the gene content and diversity levels of the diploid and hemizygous regions of the Z chromosome. We used different metrics of selective pressures acting on genes to test for differences in the efficacy of selection in hemizygous and diploid Z regions, relative to autosomes. We found consistent patterns suggesting reduced Ne, and reduced efficacy of purifying selection, on both hemizygous and diploid Z regions. Moreover, relaxed selection was particularly pronounced for female-biased genes on the diploid Z, as predicted by Slower-Z theory.

show abstract

Chromosome-scale genome of the polyphagous pest Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) provides insights on sex chromosome evolution in Anastrepha

Congrains,

Sim,

Paulo

et al. 2024

G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, is a polyphagous true fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) considered one of the most serious insect pests in Central and North America to various economically relevant fruits. Despite its agricultural relevance, a high-quality genome assembly has not been reported. Here, we described the generation of a chromosome-level genome for the A. ludens using a combination of PacBio high fidelity long-reads and chromatin conformation capture sequencing data. The final assembly consisted of 140 scaffolds (821 Mb, N50 = 131 Mb), containing 99.27% complete conserved orthologs (BUSCO) for Diptera. We identified the sex chromosomes using three strategies: 1) visual inspection of Hi-C contact map and coverage analysis using the HiFi reads, 2) synteny with Drosophila melanogaster, and 3) the difference in the average read depth of autosomal versus sex chromosomal scaffolds. The X chromosome was found in one major scaffold (100 Mb) and eight smaller contigs (1.8 Mb), and the Y chromosome was recovered in one large scaffold (6.1 Mb) and 35 smaller contigs (4.3 Mb). Sex chromosomes and autosomes showed considerable differences of transposable elements and gene content. Moreover, evolutionary rates of orthologs of A. ludens and Anastrepha obliqua revealed a faster evolution of X-linked, compared to autosome-linked, genes, consistent with the faster-X effect, leading us to new insights on the evolution of sex chromosomes in this diverse group of flies. This genome assembly provides a valuable resource for future evolutionary, genetic, and genomic translational research supporting the management of this important agricultural pest.

show abstract

Sex chromosome heteromorphism and the Fast‐X effect in poeciliids

Cited by 11 publications

References 75 publications

Transposon wave remodeled the epigenomic landscape in the rapid evolution of X-Chromosome dosage compensation

Transposon wave remodeled the epigenomic landscape in the rapid evolution of X-Chromosome dosage compensation

Evidence of a Slower-Z effect inSchistosoma japonicum

Chromosome-scale genome of the polyphagous pest Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) provides insights on sex chromosome evolution in Anastrepha

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About