Sex Control in Cucumbers

Shifriss, Oved

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107021

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Squash plants with only staminate flowers have also been identified. A very similar sex expression was found in cucumber, in which long days, high light intensity and high temperature induce androecious and opposite conditions induce gynoecious (SHIFRISS, 1961).…”

Section: Changes Under Domesticationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Origin and evolution of cultivated cucurbits

Bisognin

2002

Cienc. Rural

208

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Section: Changes Under Domesticationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Origin and evolution of cultivated cucurbits

Bisognin

2002

Cienc. Rural

208

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“…As a result, the fruit number per square meter in the greenhouse has increased from ;53 in 1973 (Anonymous, 1973), when monoecious cucumbers were cultivated, to 200 in 2012 (Vermeulen, 2012). It was previously reported that gynoecy is conferred by the Mendelian locus F (Shifriss, 1961) and that the F locus is genetically associated with a new copy (ACS1G) of an aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene, ACS1 (Trebitsh et al, 1997;Knopf and Trebitsh, 2006), an ethylene synthesis gene. However, no functional evidence was provided and its exact genomic location and formation mechanism were previously unclear.…”

Section: Genesis Of the F Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that, as with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, a central nervous system disorder in humans (Lee et al, 2007), microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR) likely gave rise to the F locus. It was previously reported that the source of cucumber gynoecium was a group of Japanese and Korean accessions (Shifriss, 1961). In the core collection, one gynoecious accession (CG3007) is from Japan, and so to better define the origin of this locus, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the 115 cucumber accessions based on the alignments of the variants within the 30.2-kb duplicated region (Supplemental File 1).…”

Section: Genesis Of the F Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Mapping of Structural Variations Reveals a Copy Number Variant That Determines Reproductive Morphology in Cucumber

et al. 2015

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Structural variations (SVs) represent a major source of genetic diversity. However, the functional impact and formation mechanisms of SVs in plant genomes remain largely unexplored. Here, we report a nucleotide-resolution SV map of cucumber (Cucumis sativas) that comprises 26,788 SVs based on deep resequencing of 115 diverse accessions. The largest proportion of cucumber SVs was formed through nonhomologous end-joining rearrangements, and the occurrence of SVs is closely associated with regions of high nucleotide diversity. These SVs affect the coding regions of 1676 genes, some of which are associated with cucumber domestication. Based on the map, we discovered a copy number variation (CNV) involving four genes that defines the Female (F) locus and gives rise to gynoecious cucumber plants, which bear only female flowers and set fruit at almost every node. The CNV arose from a recent 30.2-kb duplication at a meiotically unstable region, likely via microhomology-mediated breakinduced replication. The SV set provides a snapshot of structural variations in plants and will serve as an important resource for exploring genes underlying key traits and for facilitating practical breeding in cucumber.

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“…Plants are gynoecious if the genotype is M-F-, monoecious if the genotype is M-ff, hermaphrodite if the genotype is mmF-, and andromonoecious if the genotype is mmff (Pierce and Wehner, 1990). The F gene is believed to regulate the degree of female flower expression, while the M gene is considered to regulate bisexual flower expression (Frankel and Galun, 1977;Galun, 1961;Kubicki, 1969a, b;Pierce and Wehner, 1990;Shifriss, 1961;Shifriss and George, 1964). Although sex expression in cucumber plants is genetically controlled, it can be easily modified by plant hormones or environmental conditions (Atsmon and Galun, 1960;Durand and Durand, 1984;Frankel and Galun, 1977;Galun, 1961;Shifriss, 1961;Shifriss and George, 1964;Takahashi et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Silver Nitrate Induces Functional Bisexual Flowers in Gynoecious Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus L.)

Yamasaki

Manabe

2011

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The most common cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) show monoecious sex expression and produce both male and female flowers on the same plant, whereas plants of the gynoecious type produce only female flowers under natural conditions. Ethylene is a plant hormone that affects sex differentiation in cucumber plants. In the gynoecious cucumber, application of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG) induced only male flowers, whereas application of the ethylene action inhibitor silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) induced male and morphologically bisexual flowers. To investigate whether the morphologically bisexual flowers that were induced by AgNO 3 in gynoecious cucumber plants have functional sexual organs, we analyzed the function of pistils and stamens. Seeds were produced by cross-fertilization and the pollen tubes were elongated on sucrose medium in eight of the twenty-five morphologically bisexual flowers. These results show that the application of AgNO 3 to gynoecious cucumber plants produces functional bisexual flowers. In functional bisexual flowers, the length of pistils was similar to that of the female flowers of gynoecious cucumber plants and the length of stamens was similar to that of male and bisexual flowers of andromonoecious cucumber plants. In contrast, stamen length was inversely proportional to pistil length in the group of morphologically bisexual flowers that were induced by AgNO 3 . These results suggest that the morphology of the sexual organs is different in morphologically bisexual flowers and in functional bisexual flowers. It is possible that the functional bisexual flowers that were induced by AgNO 3 in gynoecious cucumber plants are the result of exclusive blockade of ethylene signals that inhibit stamen development.

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Sex Control in Cucumbers

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Origin and evolution of cultivated cucurbits

Origin and evolution of cultivated cucurbits

Genome-Wide Mapping of Structural Variations Reveals a Copy Number Variant That Determines Reproductive Morphology in Cucumber

Application of Silver Nitrate Induces Functional Bisexual Flowers in Gynoecious Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus L.)

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