Sex dependent regulation of osteoblast response to implant surface properties by systemic hormones

Abstract

BackgroundOsseointegration depends on the implant surface, bone quality and the local and systemic host environment, which can differ in male and female patients. This study was undertaken in order to determine if male and female cells respond differently to titanium surfaces that have micron-scale roughness and if interactions of calciotropic hormones [1α,25(OH)2D3 and 17β-oestradiol (E2)] and microstructured surfaces on osteoblasts are sex dependent.MethodsOsteoblasts from 6-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) or on titanium (Ti) disks with two different surface topographies, a smooth pretreated (PT) surface and a coarse grit-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) surface, and treated with 1α,25(OH)2D3, E2, or E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin (E2-BSA).ResultsMale and female cells responded similarly to Ti microstructure with respect to cell number and levels of osteocalcin, transforming growth factor-β1, osteoprotegerin and prostaglandin E2 in their conditioned media, exhibiting a more differentiated phenotype on SLA than on PT or TCPS. E2 and E2-BSA increased differentiation and local factor production, an effect that was microstructure dependent and found only in female osteoblasts. 1α,25(OH)2D3 increased osteoblast differentiation and local factor production in female and male cells, but the effect was more robust in male cells.ConclusionsMale and female rat osteoblasts respond similarly to surface microstructure but exhibit sexual dimorphism in substrate-dependent responses to systemic hormones. Oestrogen affected only female cells while 1α,25(OH)2D3 had a greater effect on male cells. These results suggest that successful osseointegration in males and females may depend on the implant surface design and correct levels of calciotropic hormones.

Rough titanium alloys regulate osteoblast production of angiogenic factors

“…They have been well studied in cell response to titanium (32) and results correlate well with results obtained from in vitro studies using normal human osteoblasts, fetal and adult rat calvarial osteoblasts, and neonatal mouse calvarial osteoblasts (33–37) as well as with in vivo osseointegration of dental and orthopaedic implants (11, 12, 25). Cells were cultured at an initial density of 10,000 cells/cm 2 on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS, the surface of the cell culture plate wells), PEEK, sTiAlV, and rTiAlV.…”

“…Conditioned media were collected and assayed for secreted proteins and factors as described previously (33). OPG, VEGF-A, FGF-2, and Ang-1 were assayed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) following manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Is Involved in Streptozotocin-Induced Bone Loss in Female Mice

“…The deficiency of biglycan on chromosome X strongly affects male bones (34,35). Furthermore, Olivares-Navarrete et al (36) reported a sex difference in osteogenic response to vitamin D treatment in primary osteoblasts. These findings suggest that a protein linked to sex chromosome might be responsible for the sex difference observed in response to PAI-1 in primary osteoblasts in the current study.…”

Superposition of nanostructures on microrough titanium–aluminum–vanadium alloy surfaces results in an altered integrin expression profile in osteoblasts

“…Primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) were isolated from vertebral bone of a 17-year-old male that was collected under Institutional Review Board approval from Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Georgia Institute of Technology, as described previously (9). hOBs were allowed to migrate from the bone fragments to the culture plate and, at confluence, the cells were further passaged for experiments and were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM; Corning cellgro ® , Manassas, VA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Life Technologies).…”