Sex determination in southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, from the Texas Gulf Coast

Montalvo, Avier J.; Faulk, Cynthia K.; Holt, G. Joan

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2012.07.017

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Ospina‐Álvarez & Piferrer () reported temperature‐influenced sex differentiation in 33 cichlids and a few other species (Table ). In flatfishes of the genus Paralichthys , larvae of genetic females may exhibit sex reversal when exposed to warm water (Montalvo et al , 2012 a , b ). Also, O .…”

Section: Examples Of Traits Affected By Early Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In gonochoristic fishes, steroid hormones, oestrogens in females and 11‐oxygenated androgens in males regulate key physiological steps of gonadal sex differentiation (Baroiller & D'Cotta, ). The temperature‐sensitive cytochrome P450‐aromatase enzyme catalyzes the oestrogen biosynthesis and feminization by conversion of androgens to oestrogens as, for example, demonstrated for southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan Gilbert 1884 (Montalvo et al , 2012 a , b ). Furthermore, in O .…”

Section: Examples Of Traits Affected By Early Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early environment influences later performance in fishes

Jönsson

2014

Journal of Fish Biology

233

179

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Conditions fish encounter during embryogenesis and early life history can leave lasting effects not only on morphology, but also on growth rate, life-history and behavioural traits. The ecology of offspring can be affected by conditions experienced by their parents and mother in particular. This review summarizes such early impacts and their ecological influences for a variety of teleost species, but with special reference to salmonids. Growth and adult body size, sex ratio, egg size, lifespan and tendency to migrate can all be affected by early influences. Mechanisms behind such phenotypically plastic impacts are not well known, but epigenetic change appears to be one central mechanism. The thermal regime during development and incubation is particularly important, but also early food consumption and intraspecific density can all be responsible for later life-history variation. For behavioural traits, early experiences with effects on brain, sensory development and cognition appear essential. This may also influence boldness and other social behaviours such as mate choice. At the end of the review, several issues and questions for future studies are given.

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Section: Examples Of Traits Affected By Early Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examples Of Traits Affected By Early Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early environment influences later performance in fishes

Jönsson

2014

Journal of Fish Biology

233

179

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“…Southern flounder ( Paralichthys lethostigma ), a recreationally and commercially exploited estuarine flatfish found in both the U.S. southeastern Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico (Gilbert, 1986; Ginsburg, 1952), exhibit ESD. Southern flounder experience ESD via GSD + TE (Ospina‐Álvarez & Piferrer, 2008) and sexually determine during a narrow development window, 35–65 mm total length (TL), a size that is typically reached in the spring after spawning (Montalvo et al, 2012). In southern flounder, XY males will always develop as male.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing climate associated with the range‐wide decline of an estuarine finfish

Erickson

West

Dance

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

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Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) are a coastal flatfish species that supports recreational and commercial fisheries but are currently experiencing range‐wide declines. To quantify the range‐wide declines and investigate the role of climate in these declines, fishery‐independent sampling data of age‐0 flounder were obtained from 34 estuaries representing four states in the Gulf of Mexico (TX, LA, AL, and FL) and three states in the Southeastern United States Atlantic Ocean (FL, SC, and NC) spanning from 1976 to 2019. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to estimate age‐0 recruitment trends. Spatial and temporal synchrony analyses were then conducted using annual GAM‐predicted values to determine if trends were similar between estuaries in close proximity, and if declines occurred at the same time. Because the species is dependent on physical transport (i.e., winds and tides) for recruitment, hourly wind speed, wind direction, water temperature, and air temperature were obtained for estuaries with non‐zero sampling totals and long‐term data sets. Only six estuaries showed significant relationships between age‐0 flounder indices and growing degree days. However, all estuaries with wind data showed significant relationships between age‐0 flounder indices and hourly summed wind speed. Southern flounder also have environmental sex determination, meaning warming estuaries could also account for population changes and declines. We document that water temperatures in the same space and time where southern flounder sexually determine are warmer now than even a decade ago, which could masculinize populations and substantially change population demographics. These results illustrate the vulnerability of estuarine finfish populations to climate change and increased climate variability. Understanding how climate acts on southern flounder biology may help managers respond to and prevent fishery collapses.

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“…Individuals of XY genotype will develop as phenotypic males regardless of environmental conditions, however, XX genetic females may differentiate into phenotypic males (XX males) based on the environmental parameters to which they are exposed to 34–37 . When juveniles are reared in cooler or warmer water temperatures (18 °C and 28 °C 35 ) or blue background color in tanks 37 during a critical early developmental stage (~35 to 65 mm total length, TL 38 ), genetic females develop as males leading to masculinized sex ratios. Thus, the maximum proportion of females that can occur is approximately 50%, with male-biased sex ratios possible if temperature or other factors lead to masculinization of XX females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sex-determining window for southern flounder is estimated to occur between 35 and 65 mm TL 38 , while the fish are still in their nursery habitats. While gonadal sex differentiation generally occurs between 75 and 120 mm TL, fish cannot be accurately sexed via histological or macroscopic methods until reaching at least 120 mm TL 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warmer waters masculinize wild populations of a fish with temperature-dependent sex determination

Honeycutt

Deck

Miller

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Southern flounder ( Paralichthys lethostigma ) exhibit environmental sex determination (ESD), where environmental factors can influence phenotypic sex during early juvenile development but only in the presumed XX female genotype. Warm and cold temperatures masculinize fish with mid-range conditions producing at most 50% females. Due to sexually dimorphic growth, southern flounder fisheries are dependent upon larger females. Wild populations could be at risk of masculinization from ESD due to globally increasing water temperatures. We evaluated the effects of habitat and temperature on wild populations of juvenile southern flounder in North Carolina, USA. While northern habitats averaged temperatures near 23 °C and produced the greatest proportion of females, more southerly habitats exhibited warmer temperatures (>27 °C) and consistently produced male-biased sex ratios (up to 94% male). Rearing flounder in the laboratory under temperature regimes mimicking those of natural habitats recapitulated sex ratio differences observed across the wild populations, providing strong evidence that temperature is a key factor influencing sex ratios in nursery habitats. These studies provide evidence of habitat conditions interacting with ESD to affect a key demographic parameter in an economically important fishery. The temperature ranges that yield male-biased sex ratios are within the scope of predicted increases in ocean temperature under climate change.

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Sex determination in southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, from the Texas Gulf Coast

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Early environment influences later performance in fishes

Early environment influences later performance in fishes

Changing climate associated with the range‐wide decline of an estuarine finfish

Warmer waters masculinize wild populations of a fish with temperature-dependent sex determination

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