Sex determination in the hymenopteran Diadromus pulchellus (Ichneumonidae): validation of the one-locus multi-allele model

Périquet, Georges; Hedderwick, M. P.; Agoze, M. El; Poirié, Marylène

doi:10.1038/hdy.1993.59

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(1985) detected heterozygous males of this ichneumonoid wasp in an allozyme study and demonstrated cytologically that they were diploid. Subsequently, Periquet et al (1993) conducted breeding experiments in which diploid males were distinguishable as either allozyme or body colour heterozygotes and the data were consistent with single-locus but not two-locus CSD.…”

Section: Jmcookmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Periquet et al (1993) suggested that multilocus CSD might evolve from single-locus CSD by tandem duplication of the sex locus, followed by dispersal of the repeated genes to other chromosomes. If different allelic products lead to femaleness, the subsequent evolution of a multiple locus system would require that the female-producing reaction is somehow restricted within loci (Bull, 1981).…”

Section: Jmcookmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

1993

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The haploid males and diploid females of Hymenoptera have all chromosomes in the same proportions. This rules out most familiar sex-determining mechanisms, which rely on dosage differences at sex determination loci. Two types of model -genic balance and complementary sex determination (CSD) -have been invoked for Hymenoptera. Experimental studies provide no good evidence for genic balance models, which are contradicted by the detection of diploid males in 33 disparate species. Furthermore, recent advances have shown that sex determination in the beststudied diploid animals does not depend on genic balance, removing the original justification for hymenopteran genic balance models. Instead, several Hymenoptera have single-locus CSD. In this system, sex locus heterozyotes are female while homozygotes and hemizygotes are male. Singlelocus CSD does not apply to several inbreeding species and this probably reflects selection against the regular production of diploid males, which are sterile. A multilocus CSD model, in which heterozygosity at any one of several sex loci leads to female development has also been proposed. To date, multilocus CSD has not been demonstrated but several biases against its detection must be considered. CSD can apply to thelytokous races as long as the cytogenetic mechanism permits retention of sex locus heterozygosity. However, some thelytokous races clearly do not have CSD. The distribution of species with and without CSD suggests that this form of sex determination may be ancestral in the Hymenoptera. However, phylogenetic analyses are hindered by the lack of data from several superfamilies and the fact that the internal phylogeny of the Hymenoptera remains controversial.

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Section: Jmcookmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Jmcookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

1993

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“…Several studies suggested their results might be better explained by ml-CSD rather than sl-CSD (Garofolo 1973;Kerr 1974;Naito et al 2000), while others found no support for ml-CSD in a range of other species (Skinner and Werren 1980;Cook 1993a;Periquet et al 1993;Butcher et al 2000;Niyibigira et al 2004a;Schrempf et al 2006). Here, we show that inbreeding the braconid wasp C. vestalis for eight generations results in increasing proportions of DM and an increasingly male-biased sex ratio (Figures 3 and 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Support for Multiple-Locus Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Cotesia vestalis

et al. 2008

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Despite its fundamental role in development, sex determination is highly diverse among animals. Approximately 20% of all animals are haplodiploid, with haploid males and diploid females. Haplodiploid species exhibit diverse but poorly understood mechanisms of sex determination. Some hymenopteran insect species exhibit single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD), where heterozygosity at a polymorphic sex locus initiates female development. Diploid males are homozygous at the sex locus and represent a genetic load because they are inviable or sterile. Inbreeding depression associated with CSD is therefore expected to select for other modes of sex determination resulting in fewer or no diploid males. Here, we investigate an alternative, heretofore hypothetical, mode of sex determination: multiple-locus CSD (ml-CSD). Under ml-CSD, diploid males are predicted to develop only from zygotes that are homozygous at all sex loci. We show that inbreeding for eight generations in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis leads to increasing proportions of diploid males, a pattern that is consistent with ml-CSD but not sl-CSD. The proportion of diploid males (0.27 6 0.036) produced in the first generation of inbreeding (mother-son cross) suggests that two loci are likely involved. We also modeled diploid male production under CSD with three linked loci. Our data visually resemble CSD with linked loci because diploid male production in the second generation was lower than that in the first. To our knowledge, our data provide the first experimental support for ml-CSD.

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“…Diploid males are effectively sterile as they produce diploid sperm (MacBride, 1946). This system of single locus complementary sex determination (CSD) has also been demonstrated in another parasitoid wasp Diadromus puichellus (Periquet et a!., 1993), as well as the bees Apis mellifera (Mackensen, 1951;Woyke, 1965) and A. cerana (Woyke, 1979;Hoshiba eta!., 1981) and the sawfly Athalia rosae (Naito & Suzuki, 1991). It appears that single locus CSD also operates in the sawfly Neodiprion nigroscutum (Smith & Wallace, 1971), the fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Hung et a!., 1972(Hung et a!., , 1974Hung & Vinson, 1976;Ross & Fletcher, 1985, 1986 and the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata (Camargo, 1979), although data from these species do not strictly exclude a multilocus model (Cook, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental tests of sex determination in Goniozus nephantidis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

Cook

1993

Heredity

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Single locus complementary sex determination (CSD) occurs in several species of Hymenoptera. Individuals that carry two different alleles (heterozygotes) are female while those with one and two copies of the same allele (hemizygotes and homozygotes) are haploid and diploid males, respectively. A multilocus model, in which diploids are only male if homozygous at all sex loci, has been proposed for species with regular but not exclusive inbreeding. To date, the only explicit test of the multilocus model is for Nasonia vitripennis. The latter is an inbreeding species in the Infraorder Parasitica and was shown not to conform to the multilocus model. In this study, inbreeding experiments are used to refute single and multilocus sex determination in a second inbreeding hymenopteran, Goniozus nephantidis (Infra-order Aculeata). Single locus CSD has been demonstrated in five other aculeates and G. nephantidis is the first aculeate species shown not to have CSD. The absence of CSD in G. nephantidis is probably a derived condition, favoured by the penalty of increased diploid male production under inbreeding.

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Sex determination in the hymenopteran Diadromus pulchellus (Ichneumonidae): validation of the one-locus multi-allele model

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

Experimental Support for Multiple-Locus Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Cotesia vestalis

Experimental tests of sex determination in Goniozus nephantidis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

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