Sex determination using anthropometric measurements from multi-slice computed tomography of the 12th thoracic and the first lumbar vertebrae among adult Egyptians

Sexual dimorphism from vertebrae: its potential use for sex estimation in an identified osteological sample

“…The results of the present study show that a single vertebra does have a strong potential in estimating sex. These findings are in agreement with studies of other researchers who have successfully estimated sex from a single vertebra [9,16,25,27,28,33]; while are contrary to those shown by Rozendaal et al [24], whose results indicate that a single vertebra cannot accurately estimate sex with satisfactory accuracy. Specifically, our results indicate that C1 is the vertebra with the higher power for sex discrimination, resulting in correct diagnosis of sex up to 92.5% when all measurements are collected (equation L 6 ).…”

“…Several researches related to sexual estimation using the vertebrae, show different accuracies between them and the present study. The predictive accuracies ranged from 77% to 85% using the C1 [23], from 78% to 100% for the C2 [9,[25][26][27][28], from 80% to 90% for the C7 [16,41], and from 80% to 94% for the T12 [16,[31][32][33]. These interpopulational discrepancies may reflect that there are genetic, environmental and socioeconomic factors that can influence the levels sexual dimorphism in the size of vertebrae [24].…”

“…Several researchers have reported sexual dimorphism in different vertebrae of the spine. Specifically, various studies have analysed the first cervical vertebra (C1) [23,24], second cervical vertebra (C2) [9,[25][26][27][28][29], seventh cervical vertebra (C7) [9,16,29,30], and twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12) [16,[31][32][33], resulting in correct diagnosis of sex up to virtually 100%. The main reason for studying these specific four vertebrae is that, due to their anatomical characteristics, they are readily identifiable when they are found isolated from the rest of the spine [24,34]: the appearance of C1 is completely different from the other vertebrae because it is a ring of bone made up of two lateral masses joined by the anterior and the posterior arch; the C2 is easily identifiable due its odontoid process; the C7 has a distinctive long and prominent spinous process; the T12 have the convex inferior articular surfaces and directed lateralward.…”

Deep learning and morphometric approach for Sex determination of the lumbar vertebrae in a Thai population

“…A key element of forensic anthropology is the investigation of skeletal remains to assist and narrow potential victim matches in the identification process of an unknown deceased. 3 It is essential in the medico-legal examination of a homicidal death and particularly in instances of natural catastrophe to correctly identify the corpse and facilitate the proceedings of funeral rites. 4 If a disaster, such as an explosion, results in bone fragmentation or burn damage, it is necessary to develop a method to estimate sex, age, stature, and ancestry from different parts of the skeleton to ensure correct biological profile determination.…”

New Perspectives in the Study of ancient Egyptian Bioarchaeology

“…morphoscopic analysis of the pelvis, is sufficient. Although metric sex determination methods for Egyptian samples have been developed (Ahmed Mohamed et al in press;Dabbs 2010;Darwish et al 2017;El Dine and El Shafei 2015;Kandeel and Habib 2019;Marlow and Kozieradzka-Ogunmakin 2016), when skeletal material is fragmented, plotting out bone dimensions may enable separation of the sample into two different size cohorts which may be assumed to be reasonably representative of the two sexes. Where teeth are preserved, enamel peptides may be used to determine sex via the surface etching of tooth enamel using acid followed by identification of sex chromosome-linked isoforms of amelogenin by nanoflow liquid New perspectives... 7 Zakrzewski…”