Sex Difference of Urinary Osmolality in German Children

Ebner, A.; Manz, Friedrich

doi:10.1159/000065226

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We observed the gender difference in IU Osm , with higher values in boys, a feature that was demonstrated in several industrialized countries before [18][19][20]. Across the study age spectrum, 24-h IU Osm presented weak positive association with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Upper metastable limit osmolality of urine as a predictor of kidney stone formation in children

et al. 2018

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High fluid intake has been universally recommended for kidney stone prophylaxis. We evaluated 24-h urine osmolality regarded as the best biomarker of optimal hydration and upper metastable limit osmolality after water evaporation from urine sample to the onset of spontaneous crystallization and its usefulness as a new risk index that would describe an individual lithogenic potential. We collected 24-h urine from 257 pediatric patients with kidney stones and 270 controls. After volume and osmolality assessment, the urine samples were subjected to volume reduction in vacuum rotavapor continued to the onset of an induced urinary crystallization. The upper metastable limit osmolality of urine sample was calculated based on its initial osmolality value and the amount of water reduction. Pediatric stone formers presented with higher urine volume and lower urine osmolality than healthy controls. Despite that, their urine samples required much lower volume reduction to induce the spontaneous crystallization than those of controls. The ROC analysis revealed an AUC for the upper metastable limit osmolality of 0.9300 (95% CI 0.9104-0.9496) for distinguishing between stone formers and healthy subjects. At the cutoff of 2696 mOsm/kg, the test provided sensitivity and specificity of 0.8638 and 0.8189, respectively. 24-h urine osmolality provided the information about current hydration status, whereas evaporation test estimated the urinary potential to crystalize dependent on urine composition. Upper metastable limit osmolality may estimate the individual lithogenic capability and identify people at risk to stone formation when exposed to dehydration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Upper metastable limit osmolality of urine as a predictor of kidney stone formation in children

et al. 2018

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“…Higher urine osmolalities in males than females were also demonstrated in Germany (2.5-17.5 y-old: 801 vs 729 mosm/ kg, Robers & Manz, 1996;7.0-11.9 y-old 810 vs 706 mosm/ kg, Ebner & Manz, 2002; 50-76 y-old: 713 vs 610 mosm/kg, Singhof & Manz, 2001) and the UK (15-65 y-old: 749 vs 643 mosm/kg, Waters et al, 1967; 3-to 18-y-old: 896 vs 781 mosm/kg, Skinner et al, 1996). However, no significant sex difference was observed in Italy (3-month-to 12-y-old: 663 mosm/kg, Riva et al, 1984), Israel (2-to 6-y-old: 806 vs 760 mosm/kg, Phillip et al, 1993) and Poland (402 vs 380 mosm/kg, Fydryk J, personal communication).…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 82%

24-h hydration status: parameters, epidemiology and recommendations

2003

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Hydration of individuals and groups is characterised by comparing actual urine osmolality (Uosm) with maximum Uosm. Data of actual, maximum and minimum Uosm in infants, children and adults and its major influencing factors are reviewed. There are remarkable ontogenetic, individual and cultural differences in Uosm. In the foetus and the breast-fed infant Uosm is much lower than plasma osmolality, whereas in children and adults it is usually much higher. Individuals and groups may show long-term differences in Uosm. In industrialised countries, the gender difference of Uosm is common. There are large intercultural differences of mean 24-h Uosm ranging from 860 mosm/kg in Germany, 649 mosm/kg in USA to 392 mosm/kg in Poland. A new physiologically based concept called 'free-water reserve' quantifies differences in 24-h euhydration. In 189 boys of the DONALD Study aged 4.0-6.9 y, median urine volume was 497 ml/24-h and median Uosm 809 mosm/kg. Considering meanÀ2 s.d. of actual maximum 24-h Uosm of 830 mosm/kg as upper level of euhydration and physiological criterion of adequate hydration in these boys, median free-water reserve was 11 ml/24-h. Based on median total water intake of 1310 ml/ 24-h and the third percentile of free-water volume of À156 ml/24-h, adequate total water intake was 1466 ml/24-h or 1.01 ml/ kcal. Data of Uosm in 24-h urine samples and corresponding free-water reserve values of homogeneous groups of healthy subjects from all over the world might be useful parameters in epidemiology to investigate the health effects of different levels of 24-h euhydration.

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“…Montenegro-Bethancourt (2013) provided, for the first time, evidence for an association between fruit and vegetables intake and children hydration status. Although other authors (26,27) speculated that fruit and vegetables were an essential predictor of hydration status, we also assessed the association with other food groups such as "milk and dairy products", and "coffee, barley, sodas, juices and water". Nonetheless, our findings revealed that only high "fruit and vegetables" intake was significantly associated with a better hydration status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake according to hydration status in 9-10 year-old soccer players

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Children have an increased risk of voluntary dehydration especially during physical activity which may increase the risk of non-compensating water losses. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the hydration status and its relation to food intake in a children group of soccer players. Method: A sample of 36 boys aged 9-10 years was included in this study; 30 completed a 24 h urine collection. Participants completed a 24 h urine collection; a 24 hours food recall corresponding to the day of urine collection was applied, weight and height were measured and parents/caregivers fi lled a lifestyle and socio-demographic questionnaire. The free water reserve (FWR [ml/24 h] = urine volume [ml/24 h] -obligatory urine volume [ml/24 h]) was used to assess the hydration status. Food and beverage groups were created and models of unconditional logistic regression were fi tted in order to estimate the magnitude of the association between the hydration status and diet. Results: Forty three per cent of participants were classifi ed as at risk of hypohydration. Children who reported a high fruit and vegetables intake (above the median) were at decreased risk of hypohydration (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.04-0.94, p = 0.041), compared to children who reported a low fruit and vegetables intake. Conclusions: Almost half of the children were at risk of hypohydration. Our results suggested that water food sources such as fruit and vegetables may contribute to euhydration.

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Sex Difference of Urinary Osmolality in German Children

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Upper metastable limit osmolality of urine as a predictor of kidney stone formation in children

Upper metastable limit osmolality of urine as a predictor of kidney stone formation in children

24-h hydration status: parameters, epidemiology and recommendations

Dietary intake according to hydration status in 9-10 year-old soccer players

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