Sex differences and generalization of anxiety reduction with automated de-sensitization and minimal therapist interaction

Cotler, Sherwin B.

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(70)90071-9

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results of this study seem to support a host of others (Breisinger, 1976;Burlin & Pearson, 1978;Cotler, 1970;Franks, 1969;Nawas & Pucel, 1971;Pucel & Nawas, 1970;Scher, 1975) that suggest that the gender of the therapist may have an insignificant impact upon therapeutic outcome. Perhaps the sex of the therapist may have less of an impact upon psychotherapeutic outcome than the degree to which the therapist, sex unspecified, holds traditional sex-role stereotypes and wittingly or unwittingly introduces them into therapy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

The relationship between therapist-client interpersonal compatibility, sex of therapist, and therapeutic outcome

Malloy

1981

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Explored the relationship between therapist‐client interpersonal compatibility, sex of therapist, and psychotherapeutic outcome. The research sample consisted of 48 therapist‐client dyads. The therapists were all graduate students enrolled in an individual therapy practicum, while the client sample was composed of 48 undergraduate females (mean age 19.3 years). The interpersonal compatibility of the dyads was determined from the FIRO‐B results for each of the members' using a modification of Schutz's (1966) original mathematical schema. Therapy outcome was determined from pretherapy and posttherapy testing with the Tennessee Self Concept Scale and Mooney Problem Check List. A 3 × 2 research design with one concomitant variable (pretest) was used and data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance procedure. Results suggested that among this sample the sex of therapist did not have a significant differential effect. There was also a consistent lack of intetration effects between dyadic compatibility and sex of therapist. However, significant differences in therapeutic outcome across the levels of compatibility were observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

The relationship between therapist-client interpersonal compatibility, sex of therapist, and therapeutic outcome

Malloy

1981

J. Clin. Psychol.

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“…The first randomized controlled studies examining the effects of self-help interventions on anxiety disorders date from the late 1960s and early 1970s [22,23]. Since then, several dozen controlled and comparative studies have been conducted.…”

Section: Effects Of Self-help Interventions On Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-help interventions for anxiety disorders: An overview

Cuijpers

Schuurmans²

2007

Curr Psychiatry Rep

120

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Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and are associated with a marked impairment in quality of life and a huge economic cost to society. Unfortunately, a considerable number of people who struggle with anxiety do not seek or receive adequate treatment. Self-help interventions have been proposed to constitute a relatively cheap, effective, efficient, and low-threshold intervention for anxiety disorders. This paper offers a critical discussion of their advantages and disadvantages and the evidence for their effectiveness. We conclude that guided self-help can play a major role in mental health care for patients with anxiety disorders. However, several research questions need to be answered before broad-scale dissemination is possible. The Internet will continue to play a prominent role in the further development of this field of research and clinical practice.

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“…SA trials have treated phobias of snakes Clark, 1973; Self-Help and Minimal-Contact Therapies for Anxiety 253 Cotler, 1970;Girodo & Henry, 1976;Hogan & Kirchner, 1968;Rosen, Glasgow, & Barrera, 1976) and spiders (Gilroy, Kirkby, Daniels, Menzies, & Montgomery, 2000;Hellstrom & Öst, 1995;Öst, Salkovskis, & Hellstrom, 1991;Öst, Stridh, & Wolf, 1998;Smith, Kirkby, Montgomery, & Daniels, 1997) and have ranged from self-administration solely at home (e.g., Rosen et al, 1976) to self-administration wholly in lab settings without therapist aid (e.g., Clark, 1973;Cotler, 1970;Gilroy et al, 2000;Hogan & Kirchner, 1968;Smith et al, 1997). Further, these studies all employed exposure-based interventions, though some combined exposure with relaxation (Baker, Cohen, & Saunders, 1973;Clark, 1973;Cotler, 1970;Lang, Malamed, & Hart, 1970;Phillips, Johnson, & Geyer, 1972;Rosen et al, 1976;Rosen, Glasgow, & Barrera, 1977), muscle tension techniques (Hellstrom, Fellenius, & Öst, 1996), or cognitive therapy (de Jongh, Muris, ter, Horst, & van Zuuren, 1995). These trials also had several methodological strengths.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐help and minimal‐contact therapies for anxiety disorders: Is human contact necessary for therapeutic efficacy?

et al. 2003

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Self-help materials, brief therapies, and treatments involving minimal therapist contact have all been proposed as effective and low-cost interventions for anxiety disorders. However, research also suggests that the therapeutic alliance is a central predictor of therapy outcome. Interestingly, amounts of therapist contact within and across "self-help" interventions vary greatly. It is therefore unclear how much therapist contact is necessary for a positive anxiety disorder treatment outcome. The present article reviews the literature on anxiety disorder treatments using self-help, self-administered, and decreased therapist-contact interventions. Treatment studies are grouped together by anxiety diagnosis as well as amount of therapist contact. It is concluded that self-administered treatments are most effective for motivated clients seeking treatment for simple phobias. Predominantly self-help therapies are efficacious for panic disorder and mixed anxiety samples. On the other hand, minimal-contact therapies have demonstrated efficacy for the greatest variety of anxiety diagnoses.

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Sex differences and generalization of anxiety reduction with automated de-sensitization and minimal therapist interaction

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

The relationship between therapist-client interpersonal compatibility, sex of therapist, and therapeutic outcome

The relationship between therapist-client interpersonal compatibility, sex of therapist, and therapeutic outcome

Self-help interventions for anxiety disorders: An overview

Self‐help and minimal‐contact therapies for anxiety disorders: Is human contact necessary for therapeutic efficacy?

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