Sex Differences and Personality Factors in Responsivity to Pain

Otto, Michael W.; Dougher, Michael J.

doi:10.2466/pms.1985.61.2.383

Cited by 173 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study, we found an insignificant inverse relationship between baseline pulse and pain sensitivity as indicated by pain threshold and pain tolerance. This relation was also found by Cynthia d. Myers et al (7) , and Otto and Dougher in their studies (9) . …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Sex related difference in response to experimental pain in first year medical students

Mendpara¹

2012

iosrphr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract--Pain is complex multidimensional experience influenced by physical, psychological, and social factors. In recent years sex differences in responses to pain have received increased attention. Purpose of study was to determine sex differences in experimental pain response. For this study cold pressor test was used to exert experimental pain. 100 medical students (50 boys and 50 girls) participated in study. Subject was asked to submit his hand into container with ice water. Radial pulse was measured before and immediately after test to determine pulse reactivity. Pain threshold and tolerance were measured. Subject was asked to determine intensity of pain during test and rate on VAS. Data was statistically analysed using student t-test and Correlation Coefficient. Pain threshold and pain tolerance were significantly more in boys, Pain rating was significantly more in girls. Pain reactivity was significantly more in girls. In both sexes, baseline pulse showed positive relationship with pain threshold and pain tolerance and negative relationship with pain rating. Women typically displaying greater pain sensitivity than men, but mechanisms underlying differences remain unclear. Possible explanation suggests that men are more motivated to tolerate and suppress expressions of pain because masculine sex role, whereas feminine sex role encourages pain expression. Different pain perception might account for sex difference in pulse reactivity. Hormonal influences may play minor role.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Sex related difference in response to experimental pain in first year medical students

Mendpara¹

2012

iosrphr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, cultural factors may be involved, such as the education of males to have a stoic attitude and to underreport pain. 20 Gender differences in pain perception are thought to be infl uenced by a combination of these factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain from intramuscular vaccine injection in adults

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Fillingim et al 14 suggested that pain responses may be more clinically relevant for women than for men. Other factors, such as sex role expectancies 15 and anxiety, 16 may also modulate differences in pain between men and women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a 2-Stage Injection Technique on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Injection Pain

Nusstein¹,

Steinkruger²,

Reader³

et al. 2006

Anesthesia Progress

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded, crossover study was to compare the pain of a traditional 1-stage inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block injection to a 2-stage IAN block technique. Using a crossover design, 51 subjects randomly received, in a single-blinded manner, either the traditional IAN block or the 2-stage IAN block in 2 appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. For the 2-stage injection, the needle was inserted submucosally and 0.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine was slowly given over 1 minute. After 5 minutes, the needle was reinserted and advanced to the target site (needle placement), and 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine was deposited. For the traditional IAN block, following needle penetration, the needle was advanced while depositing 0.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (needle placement) and then 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine was deposited at the target site. A Heft-Parker visual analogue scale was used to measure the pain of needle insertion, needle placement, and anesthetic solution deposition. There were no significant differences, as analyzed by Wilcoxon matchedpairs signed-ranks test, between needle insertion and solution deposition for the 2 techniques in men or women. However, there was significantly less pain with the 2-stage injection for needle placement in women. In conclusion, the 2-stage injection significantly reduced the pain of needle placement for women when compared to the traditional IAN technique.Key Words: Injection pain; Inferior alveolar nerve block; Lidocaine.T he injection of anesthetic solution for the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block has 3 phases: initial needle insertion through the alveolar mucosa, needle placement to the target site, and deposition of the anesthetic solution at the target site.The inferior alveolar nerve block has been associated with pain and discomfort. For the needle insertion phase, Nusstein and Beck, 1 in a retrospective study of 1635 IAN blocks, reported an incidence of moderate to severe pain ranging from 14 to 22%. For the deposition of the anesthetic solution at the target site, various authors 2-5 have reported that the incidence of moderate to severe pain ranged from 20 to 40%. Therefore, it would be advantageous to decrease the pain of the inferior alveolar nerve block.The 2-stage injection has been suggested by Walton and Torabinejad 6 and Levine 7 as a way to decrease the pain of injection. This method involves initial placement of anesthetic solution just under the mucosal surface. After a wait of several minutes for regional numbness, the injection is resumed and the remaining anesthetic solution is deposited at the target site. No clinical studies have addressed the 2-stage injection technique to reduce the pain of injection.The purpose of this prospective, randomized, singleblinded, crossover study was to compare the pain of a conventional inferior alveolar nerve block injection to that of a 2-stage inferior alveolar nerve block technique.

show abstract

Sex Differences and Personality Factors in Responsivity to Pain

Cited by 173 publications

References 14 publications

Sex related difference in response to experimental pain in first year medical students

Sex related difference in response to experimental pain in first year medical students

Pain from intramuscular vaccine injection in adults

The Effects of a 2-Stage Injection Technique on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Injection Pain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About