2012
DOI: 10.1155/2012/610504
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Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Abstract: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of disease-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), which are pathognomonic for the development of PBC. The disease overwhelmingly affects females, with some cases of male PBC being reported. The reasons underlying the … Show more

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Cited by 43 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…Male patients who are diagnosed with PBC at 60 years and above are less likely to respond to medical therapy and at increased risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends heightened vigilance for hepatocellular carcinoma in this group of patients [7,8,13,14]. This case highlights the importance of liver disease workup in patients, including men with high serum alkaline phosphatase activity as it can be mistakenly attributed to bone origin, especially in geriatric population.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 89%
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“…Male patients who are diagnosed with PBC at 60 years and above are less likely to respond to medical therapy and at increased risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends heightened vigilance for hepatocellular carcinoma in this group of patients [7,8,13,14]. This case highlights the importance of liver disease workup in patients, including men with high serum alkaline phosphatase activity as it can be mistakenly attributed to bone origin, especially in geriatric population.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…Several studies have failed to demonstrate significant gender differences in the biochemical, immunological and histological features of PBC; however, it has been reported that severe pruritus and systemic symptoms to be more common in females than in males. In contrast, jaundice, gastrointestinal bleeding and development of hepatocellular carcinoma are more common in men [7,13,14].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
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“…5 PBC is encountered usually in middle-aged women. 6 The annual incidence was reported as 0.33 to 5.8 per 100 000.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The 5-year mortality rate of untreated AIH exceeds 50%. Immunosuppression has no benefit in patients with PBC, a disease that is hardly ever seen in men and children Smyk et al, 2012). Ethnicity appears to be a significant risk factor for the development of the disease, as Caucasian populations have a lower risk, as do Japanese , compared to those of African and Native American descent (Flores et al, 2008).…”
Section: Treatmentmentioning
confidence: 99%