Sex Differences Between Women and Men in Running

Knechtle, Beat; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65064-6_6

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, it is interesting to find that there was no sex-based performance difference in the best time to complete an ultra-marathon, but this analysis did not take into account the exact UM distance, which could have been any distance ≥50 km. Therefore, this result most likely suggests that the males were racing at longer UM distances than the females [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 ]. Furthermore, when controlling the best HM and M runtimes with the basic underlying factor of training behavior (including training duration, professional support, and specific variables within the main training preparatory period), no performance difference remained between the sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has identified a clear sex-based difference in running performance [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], which underlies the separation of sexes at running competitions [ 4 ], although this difference has been reported to diminish with distances beyond that of a marathon [ 5 , 6 ]. Runner training and preparation, however, appear to be crucial for racing performance regardless of sex [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Racing History of Recreational 10 km to Ultra Runners (Part B)—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2)

Motevalli

Tanous

Wirnitzer³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Sex differences in anatomy and physiology are the primary underlying factor for distinctions in running performance. Overall participation in recreational running events has been dominated by males, although increasing female participation has been reported in recent years. The NURMI study participants filled in a survey following the cross-sectional study design with questions on sociodemographic data, running and racing motivations, training behaviors, and racing history and experience. Data analysis included 141 female and 104 male participants aged 39 (IQR 17) with a healthy median BMI (21.7 kg/m²; IQR 3.5). Statistical analyses revealed sex differences with the males performing faster at half-marathon (p < 0.001) and marathon (p < 0.001) events but no difference at ultra-marathons (p = 0.760). Mediation analyses revealed no significant sex differences in the performance of half-marathon and marathon when considering training behaviors (p > 0.05), racing history (p > 0.05), or racing experience (p > 0.05). Differences in recreational performance may be more closely related to social constraints and expectations of females rather than the physiological advantages of the male athlete. Health professionals who guide and support recreational runners as well as the runners themselves and their coaches may benefit from this study’s results in order to improve the best time performance through a deeper understanding of the areas that mediate sex differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Racing History of Recreational 10 km to Ultra Runners (Part B)—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2)

Motevalli

Tanous

Wirnitzer³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Overall, the present sample exhibits comparably homogenous characteristics most importantly including age, height, participation in recreational sport, preferred race distance, and all specific training types [ 49 ]. However, important critical differences to consider for the best time race performance results were found concerning diet types, such as sex and BMI [ 55 , 56 ]. In connection, it has also been reported previously that additional variables not included in the present study are critical to consider regarding best race performance times such as genetics and specific anthropometrics, body composition and fat distribution, personal race day strategies (performance-enhancing substance usage, supplements, clothing/technology, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racing Experiences of Recreational Distance Runners following Omnivorous, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diets (Part B)—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2)

et al. 2023

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The potential running or endurance performance difference based on following different general types of diets, such as omnivorous, vegetarian, or vegan, remains questionable. Several underlying modifiable factors of long-distance running performance, especially runner training behaviors and experience, diminish the clarity of results when analyzing dietary subgroups. Based on the cross-sectional design (survey), the NURMI Study Step 2 aimed to investigate a plethora of training behaviors among recreational long-distance running athletes and the relationship of general diet types with best time race performance. The statistical analysis was based on Chi-squared and Wilcoxon tests. The final sample (n = 245) included fit recreational long-distance runners following an omnivorous diet (n = 109), a vegetarian diet (n = 45), or a vegan diet (n = 91). Significant differences were found between the dietary subgroups in body mass index (p = 0.001), sex (p = 0.004), marital status (p = 0.029), and running-related motivations for well-being (p < 0.05) but not in age (p = 0.054). No significant difference was found for best time half-marathon, marathon, and/or ultra-marathon race performance based on diet type (p > 0.05). Whether the vegan diet is associated with enhanced endurance performance remains unclear. Although, the present results are suggestive that 100% plant-based (vegan) nutrition is compatible with distance running performance at the least.

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Sex Differences Between Women and Men in Running

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Sex Differences in Racing History of Recreational 10 km to Ultra Runners (Part B)—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2)

Sex Differences in Racing History of Recreational 10 km to Ultra Runners (Part B)—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2)

Racing Experiences of Recreational Distance Runners following Omnivorous, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diets (Part B)—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2)

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